Advances in Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage: Table of Contents

Decarbonisation options of existing thermal power plant burning natural gas

Linkevics, Olegs — 2023-02-27T00:00:00Z

Advances in Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage, Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2023, p. 9-21.
Olegs Linkevics, Polina Grebesa, Janis Andersons, Ansis Mezulis
Nowadays power industry faces deepest crises ever with unprecedented prices shocks and climate challenges at the same time. From one hand we realise the need of energy transformation of power industry towards more sustainable future with climate neutral technologies. From the other hand it become obvious that this change could not happen immediately and transition period is needed with some fossil fuel technology still playing an important role as a back-up for renewable energy sources. The biggest question what is the best and cost-efficient way to decarbonise existing thermal power generation. We try to address it on the example of existing combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plant fuelled by natural gas. Clearly the following possible options were identified: 1) replacement of natural gas with alternative gases, such as green hydrogen, bio or synthetic methane, 2) carbon capture and underground storage (CCS) in geological formations, 3) carbon capture, liquefaction and export, 4) carbon capture and utilisation (CCU). US giant General Electric in its publication “Decarbonizing gas turbines through carbon capture” is considering similar options for decarbonising of gas turbines. They divide it into two approaches: 1) pre-combustion by using a zero or carbon neutral fuels, such as hydrogen, synthetic methane, biofuels or ammonia and 2) post-combustion by removing carbon from the plant exhaust, using liquid or solid sorbents or oxy-fuel cycles. In this publication we try to compare these different options, despite they are not clearly comparable. For the analysis we take natural gas fired CCGT plant Riga TPP-2 in Latvia with installed capacity of 881 MW (in condensing mode).

Studying the impact of reservoir temperature, water salinity and CO2 dryness on CO2 injectivity during geological CO2 sequestration

Ahmadi, Parvin — 2023-03-02T00:00:00Z

Advances in Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage, Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2023, p. 1-8.
Parvin Ahmadi, Faizan Ahmaad, Mohammad Aziz Rahman, Sina Rezaei Gomari
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is proved to be effective measure for reducing CO2 emissions. whilst the world still highly depends on the use of fossil fuel energy, this method is necessary for reaching the world’s 1.5 °C goal. Saline aquifers among all possible underground formations are most common targeted ones for CO2 storage due to their frequent presence, and large storage capacity. However, this storage option suffers from sufficient well injectivity to inject large volumes of CO2 at acceptable rates through a minimum number of wells. The injectivity impairment/reinforcement happens through mineral dissolution, fine particle movement, salt precipitation and hydrate formation (known so far). Each of these mechanisms will be more dominant in injectivity alteration at different distance from the injection point depending on reservoir pressure and temperature, formation water salinity, rock mineralogy, and flow rate of CO2 injection as well as its dryness. In this study we have chosen a commercial software Eclipse 300 together with an open-source code to investigate the impact of formation characteristics, CO2 -Brine-Rock interaction, pressure, temperature as well as injection rate on injectivity alteration. The goal for this work is to provide a workflow which can help predicting injectivity alteration using the existing tools. Simulation results show that permeability is affected severely by salt precipitation during CO2 injection. Combined static and dynamic parameter study demonstrate that the injection rate plays a crucial role in size and expansion of CO2 plume as well as growth rate of dry out zone length, amount of salt precipitation and length of equilibrium region. The higher the injection rate, the quicker activation of the capillary and gravity force which leads to drag more brine to near well-bore resulting in higher volume fraction of salt precipitation. However, low injection rate could result in smaller CO2 plume, shorter dry out zone and longer equilibrium region in term of distance from injection point. Thus, optimizing the injection rate regarding reservoir parameters i.e., temperature, pressure and in-situ salinity, will lead to higher storage capacity as well as well performance and maintenance.

An overview of Baltic Carbon Forum conference 2022

Karaliūtė, Viltė — 2023-03-02T00:00:00Z

Advances in Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage, Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2023, p. 22-32.
Viltė Karaliūtė, Mayur Pal
Baltic Carbon Forum (BCF) is an annual event sponsored by Nordic Council of Ministers through Nordic Energy Research through their network BASRECCS. BCF 2022 was held on 13th and 14th Oct. in Kaunas, Lithuania. The aim of the BCF 2022 was to enable interested and engaged stakeholders to meet, discuss, share knowledge and experiences, and develop projects. BCF also aims to increase awareness about Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) among younger generations with aim of securing a sustainable future for all. The BCF2022 invited a number of academic and industry experts from the Baltic Sea region countries, which included policymakers, financial institutes, industry representatives and academics for sharing their experiences, conduct discussions and brainstorming sessions to identify gaps with aim of expediting the deployment of a large-scale CC(U)S project in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). BCF 2022 was attended by 74 participants. There were 38 participants who attended the conference onsite and 36 participants attended the conference online. Participants came form 15 countries, which included Finland, Lithuania, Hungary, Sweden, Poland, Norway, Estonia, Denmark, Latvia, Belgium, Germany, USA, UK, India and South Africa. This paper presents a short summary of all the talks presented at the BCF 2022 conference [1, 2].

Lithuania’s geo-energy landscape: a brief overview of CCUS, hydrogen, and geothermal

Rashid, Abdul — 2023-12-31T00:00:00Z

Advances in Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage, Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2023, p. 33-43.
Abdul Rashid, Shruti Malik, Vilte Karaliute, Pijus Makauskas, Ieva Kaminskaite, Mayur Pal
Lithuanian energy landscape is changing because of a strong push to reduce carbon emissions and reliance of fossil-based energy production. EU climate directive promotes investments into carbon capture and storage technologies along with renewable energy resource development. CCUS, hydrogen and geothermal are some technologies which could promote reduction in carbon emissions and along with reducing dependence on fossil-based energy sources. Lithuania already has large potential for carbon and hydrogen storage and in past had a working geothermal power plant for district heating. In this work we revisit the carbon storage potential in Lithuania subsurface and provide a high-level estimate of potential of generating hydrogen energy from depleted hydrocarbon fields using in-situ methods. We also evaluate the prospects of development of geothermal energy production from deep Cambrian reservoirs where temperature above 85 °C has been documented.

Exploring CO2 storage potential in Lithuanian deep saline aquifers using digital rock volumes: a machine learning guided approach

Malik, Shruti — 2023-12-31T00:00:00Z

Advances in Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage, Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2023, p. 44-47.
Shruti Malik, Pijus Makauskas, Ravi Sharma, Mayur Pal
The increasing significance of carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) as a climate mitigation strategy has underscored the importance of accurately evaluating subsurface reservoirs for CO2 sequestration. In this context, digital rock volumes, obtained through advanced imaging techniques such as micro-Xray computed tomography (MXCT), offer intricate insights into the porous and permeable structures of geological formations. This study presents a comprehensive methodology for assessing CO2 storage viability within Lithuanian deep saline aquifers, namely Syderiai and Vaskai, by utilizing petrophysical properties estimated from digital rock volumes of samples from analogous formations. It also demonstrates the potential of integrating advanced imaging techniques, machine learning, and numerical modeling for accurate assessment and effective management of subsurface CO2 storage.

An approach for assessment of CO2 leakage using mechanistic modelling: CO2 injection in deep saline aquifer of Lithuanian basin in presence of fault and fractures

Dangi, Shankar Lal — 2024-02-19T00:00:00Z

Advances in Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage, Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2024, p. 1-8.
Shankar Lal Dangi, Shruti Malik, Pijus Makauskas, Vilte Karliute, Ravi Sharma, Mayur Pal
Injecting CO2 into deep saline aquifers is a prominent strategy for carbon capture and storage (CCS) to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. However, ensuring the long-term integrity of CO2 storage is crucial to prevent leakage and potential environmental hazards. This paper investigates the impact of presence of faults and fracture on CO2 leakage volumes. Particular case of CO2 injection into a deep saline aquifer for carbon capture and storage (CCS) applications is investigated. This paper explores the relationship between fracture permeability and the potential for CO2 leakage.

Assessing the potential of geothermal energy in Cambrian complexes for renewable energy transition in Lithuania

Memon, Abdul Rashid — 2024-12-31T00:00:00Z

Advances in Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage, Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2024, p. 9-12.
Abdul Rashid Memon, Pijus Makauskas, Ieva Kaminskaite-Baranauskiene, Mayur Pal
Several depleted Cambrian oil fields in Lithuania, with water-cuts reaching 99 %, present promising opportunities for geothermal energy utilization. This study focused on Lithuania’s Cambrian reservoir complex, which has the highest water production rates. The study aimed to explore the advantages of horizontal wells, a technology not previously employed for geothermal production in Lithuania, over traditional vertical wells. To optimize field development, various scenarios were evaluated using mechanistic models, with insights subsequently applied to real field conditions. The results from the mechanistic model demonstrated that horizontal wells outperform vertical wells in both water production and power generation. Furthermore, increasing fracture intensity was shown to enhance water output and power generation by operating the wells at pressures above fracture propagation, facilitating re-injection. However, the study also emphasized the importance of thorough reservoir characterization and modeling to account for geological complexities and improve production outcomes. In conclusion, the research underscores that horizontal wells offer several advantages over vertical wells for geothermal energy production. These include increased water production, higher power generation, reduced drilling costs, and enhanced operational efficiency. These benefits align with technological advancements observed in the hydrocarbon industry, making horizontal wells a viable solution for maximizing geothermal energy potential in Lithuania’s depleted oil and gas fields.

Hydrogen and CO2 storage in sandstone: understanding porous media behavior

Verma, Apoorv — 2024-12-31T00:00:00Z

Advances in Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage, Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2024, p. 13-16.
Apoorv Verma, Shruti Malik, Shankar Lal Dangi, Brijesh Kumar Yadav, Mayur Pal
Studies on hydrogen and CO2 storage in the subsurface are vital for advancing clean energy and climate change mitigation. They help optimize underground hydrogen storage for balancing energy supply and demand and improve carbon capture and storage (CCS) techniques to trap CO2, reducing atmospheric levels securely. These studies can ensure the geotechnical stability of storage sites, minimizing leakage risks, while enhancing our understanding of the storage capacity in porous media like sandstone, leading to safer and more efficient long-term storage solutions. This study explores hydrogen and CO2 storage on a laboratory scale to determine how these gases behave in porous sandstone media under varying pressure conditions. Further, this study typically investigates to understand how well the porous media can store and retain gases. The study also examines the mechanisms of trapping (capillary and residual trapping) of hydrogen and CO2, which is essential for long-term underground storage.

Advancing CCUS in the Romanian cluster: strategic decarbonisation through multi-modal CO2 transport and offshore storage

Anghel, Sorin — 2024-12-31T00:00:00Z

Advances in Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage, Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2024, p. 17-24.
Sorin Anghel, Alexandra-Constanța Dudu, Constantin-Ștefan Sava
This paper focuses on the strategic decarbonization of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) technologies within the ACTiON project, emphasizing the Romanian cluster in Oltenia. By leveraging the Getica CCS framework, the study analyzes specific technologies and measures for multimodal CO2 capture and offshore storage, including transport via pipelines, the Danube River, and rail. Proxy models address data restrictions for evaluating storage and CO2-EOR potential. Results analyze technical, logistical, and environmental challenges, offering scalable strategies for CO2 management. Insights aim to advance Romania’s decarbonization efforts while contributing to European best practices, benefiting policymakers, industries, and global sustainability initiatives.

CTS Project: CO2 transport and storage solutions in the Black Sea

Dudu, Alexandra-Constanța — 2025-01-08T00:00:00Z

Advances in Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage, Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2025, p. 13-24.
Alexandra-Constanța Dudu, Yuliia Demchuk, Ivan Virshylo, Mariia Kurylo, Roman Berenblyum, Anders Nermoen, Gabriel Iordache, Andrei-Gabriel Dragoș, Constantin-Ștefan Sava, Corina Avram, Lia Stelea, Sorin Anghel, Mykhailo Bratakh, Leonid Melnyk
The CTS project is evaluating the global potential of direct ship injection technology for facilitating permanent CO2 storage offshore. One of the scenarios analyzed within the project is the Black Sea scenario, exploring potential links and synergies between Romania and Ukraine for implementation of CCUS technology. Romanian scenario will analyze the CCS chain focused on Constanța and Călărași emission clusters, different transport options (including direct ship injection) and offshore storage in deep saline aquifers and hydrocarbon fields from Histria Depression. For Ukraine, the CCS chain includes capture of CO2 from Odesa and Mykolaiv regions, onshore and offshore transport and storage in depleted gas and condensate fields from the Black Sea.

Development of CCUS value chain scenarios in northern Poland

Wójcicki, Adam — 2025-02-18T00:00:00Z

Advances in Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage, Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2025, p. 1-12.
Adam Wójcicki
In CCUS ZEN project one of value chains considered includes emission sources located in the region of northern Poland. The value chain is intertwined with the scope of ECO2CEE Project of Common Interest on CO2 terminal in Port of Gdańsk. The ECO2CEE project in its first stage is to include railway transport of CO2 captured in two of the installations of the studied value chain. Carbon dioxide delivered to the terminal is to be transported by ship and stored under North Sea. However, within the region and its immediate vicinity there is notable storage potential. About 120 km north of Gdańsk, offshore, there is saline aquifer in Cambrian sandstones of storage capacity likely sufficient to store emissions of all selected 16 emitters of the region. The main barrier to such approach is the interpretation of Article 11 of Helsinki Convention suggesting ban of CO2 storage under the Baltic Sea. In southern part of the region where also ECO2CEE emitters are located there are several saline aquifer structures in Lower Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous of estimated storage capacity significantly exceeding the possible demand of emitters of the local cluster. Hence, the work is to propose the further development of the PCI value chain in northern Poland, beyond the original concept.