Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering: Table of Contents

Air leakage test system for product without atmosphere air connection

Temiz, İbrahim — 2023-05-01T00:00:00Z

Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2023, p. 27-35.
İbrahim Temiz, Ahmet Feyzioğlu, Mehmet Fatih Çelebi, Sezgin Ersoy
With the air leakage test methods, the leakage tests of the products that are required to be leakproof are carried out. This leakage test starts with placing the product on a fixture. The in-ternal pressure is increased by filling compressed air into the product placed in the Fixture. The product is filled with compressed air up to a previously calculated test pressure value. After the test pressure value is reached for the desired product, the air filling process is completed, and the stabilization period begins. At the end of this period, information about the leakage of the product is obtained, depending on whether there is a change in the internal pressure of the product. In order to fill the product with compressed air, there must be an air hole on the product. Products without this air hole cannot be tested with these methods. With the new method we will develop, it will be possible to test the leakage of closed products without atmosphere-air connection.

Internal risk assessment of whole process engineering consulting consortium based on GRA-TOPSIS-FMEA

Du, Jinjian — 2023-06-26T00:00:00Z

Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2023, p. 36-46.
Jinjian Du, Jianyu Chu
In order to select key risk factors, effectively control risks, and promote the smooth development of the whole process of engineering consulting consortium, Based on WBS-RBS risk identification in the whole process of engineering consulting, this paper introduces FMEA model, applies rough set and binary semantics to evaluate risk from multiple dimensions of occurrence, severity and difficulty to detect, and uses G1-improved CRITIC to calculate the comprehensive weight of risk evaluation factors, and then severity is revised based on DEMATEL. The GRA-TOPSIS model is constructed for risk ranking. Finally, the model is applied to a road network project and the analysis shows that communication and coordination risk, termination risk and schedule risk are the key risks. The model is suitable for risk assessment in the joint body and provides a feasible method for risk control in the whole process of engineering consulting consortia.

The AI vantage: an exposition of global dynamics

Kishor, Rohan — 2023-08-01T00:00:00Z

Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2023, p. 58-82.
Rohan Kishor, Bhumeshwar Patle, Praveen Bhojane
Over the past few years, there has been a growing interest in this field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). This review paper aims to examine the extent to which AI has been adopted across various domains in different regions of the world. Specifically, this study seeks to explore the effectiveness of AI in areas such as banking, governance, judiciary, and agriculture. While AI’s impact on these areas has been studied before, this research focuses on aspects that have not been given much needed attention so far. The study will begin by offering an overview of AI’s development from a regional perspective, analyzing 63 articles from leading journals and institutions to identify the most commonly used terminologies, theories, and technologies. The increasing computational power has played a crucial role in the advancement of AI. However, the role of AI in governance, judiciary, and legislature system has not been explored in depth in previous research. Furthermore, most studies tend to focus on single domain, whereas this paper aims to examine several domains and their relationship to AI. The study presents several AI-driven techniques, including Deep Neural Net (DNN), Artificial Neural Net (ANN), Candlestick Plots, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Explainable Deep Neural Net (xDNN), Attentional Maps, Digital Inventory, Deep Learning among others, that can be applied to enhance society’s performance in different domains. The research also delves deeper into the judiciary domain, proposing specific AI techniques that could be useful in this field. Additionally, tables summarizing different AI tactics relevant to each domain are presented.

Challenges and opportunities for enhanced patient care with mobile robots in healthcare

Sahoo, Sushil Kumar — 2023-08-01T00:00:00Z

Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2023, p. 83-103.
Sushil Kumar Sahoo, Bibhuti Bhusan Choudhury
Mobile robots are being used more frequently in healthcare environments to tackle a variety of issues, such as patient monitoring, drug administration, and support for healthcare professionals. However, considering how nascent the topic of deploying mobile robots in healthcare is, there hasn’t been much investigation into the potential benefits and drawbacks of doing so. The goal of this research study is to examine the current state of mobile robots in healthcare, the opportunities they present for enhancing patient care, and the difficulties that must be solved to take advantage of these advantages, including safety concerns, dependability and accuracy issues, and cost effectiveness issues. We identify critical elements that support the successful integration of mobile robots into healthcare environments, as well as potential drawbacks and ethical concerns such as patient privacy, informed consent, autonomy, and accountability related to their use, through a systematic review of the literature of mobile robot implementations in healthcare. Our results show the potential of mobile robots to enhance patient care by delivering more effective and efficient healthcare services, but they also emphasize the need for additional research and development to overcome the difficulties in integrating these robots into healthcare workflows. In the end, this research intends to provide a basis for future research and development in this fascinating and quickly developing sector, as well as to contribute to a better understanding of the opportunities and constraints connected with the use of mobile robots in healthcare.

Electro-erosion fault identification of motor bearing based on ASMOTE-CFR

Cheng, Huan Ke — 2023-09-08T00:00:00Z

Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2023, p. 47-57.
Huan Ke Cheng
In view of the problem that the electro-erosion fault signal is rare and weak during motor operation, and the database is seriously imbalanced, this paper proposes an ASMOTE-CFR training model based on adaptive minority oversampling technology. Four bearing vibration acceleration signals in different states were collected through experiments, and each signal obtained 32 sets of energy features using wavelet packet decomposition. Then ASMOTE technology is used to balance the energy features of electro-erosion fault signal. And construct a vector matrix combined by energy features and bearing fault state features. Finally, the collaborative filter model of matrix decomposition is used to train and identify. The results show that the recognition rate of the ASMOTE-CFR model proposed in this paper is 98.46 %, which improves by 7 % compared with the traditional CFR, which verifies the effectiveness of this method.

The optimization model of whole process engineering consulting consortium members based on Z-number

Liu, Zecheng — 2023-10-30T00:00:00Z

Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2023, p. 112-121.
Zecheng Liu, Jianyu Chu, Jinjian Du
At present, there are very few enterprises with whole-process engineering consulting capability and qualification. To carry out consulting work in a consortium is a necessary way to meet the actual situation of the industry and promote whole-process consulting quickly, and the selection of consortium members is the key issue. First of all, this paper summarizes the construction principle of the index system of consortium member selection, and describes the index system. Aiming at the consortium member selection model, on the basis of comprehensive consideration of 9 indicators, the evaluation value of Z-Numbers fuzzy numbers is obtained by using seven-point language terms, the index weight and expert weight are obtained by using the sequential method and entropy weight method, and the data are processed to get the alternative enterprise evaluation matrix. Fuzzy TOPSIS method suitable for Z-Numbers was introduced to solve the positive ideal solution closeness degree of each enterprise, so as to rank the alternative enterprises.

Design and analysis of a 4-axis cartesian robot for unloading plastic injection machines in industrial applications

Dağdelen, Yiğit — 2023-11-13T00:00:00Z

Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2023, p. 104-111.
Yiğit Dağdelen, Fikret Akyüz, Ahmet Feyzioğlu, Ersin Toptaş
In both industrial and educational settings, efficient handling of products from Plastic Injection Machines is crucial for precise and stable system operation. Enhancements in the design and production processes, achieved through the implementation of a Four Axis (4D) BOM type Cartesian System, lead to significant improvements in cost-effectiveness and product quality. In this study focuses on optimizing system operations, including rotational movements and the operation of the vertical cylinder through forward-backward movements. Finite element analysis is employed to investigate potential issues arising from shape changes in the mechanical structure due to dynamic loads on the plate joint connections. By addressing these concerns during the design phase through simulation, mechanical structure errors are eliminated, resulting in improved system performance.

Material selection in sensor design for additive manufacturing

Aktaş, Başak — 2023-12-30T00:00:00Z

Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2023, p. 122-132.
Başak Aktaş, Talha Şahin, Ersin Toptaş, Aydın Güllü, Ahmet Feyzioğlu, Sezgin Ersoy
Surface acoustic sensor technology plays a crucial role in numerous mechatronic systems as it enables the detection of physical interactions with the environment. These sensors, operating at micro scales, can be seamlessly integrated into various industrial applications. To harness their full potential, it is essential to establish a systematic approach for the design and manufacturing of these sensors to meet the demands of cutting-edge applications. This study focuses on creating a finite element analysis-based model, aiming to identify the most suitable Interdigital Transducer (IDT) material for the production of surface acoustic wave sensors using additive manufacturing techniques. By leveraging statistical methods, the research seeks to optimize material selection. The structural design parameters of the chosen material will then be utilized to evaluate the performance of the surface acoustic wave sensor. The study also delves into the prospective applications of this technology in diverse fields, shedding light on its promising future.

Reading Gokturkish text with the Yolo object detection algorithm

Karakaya, Mevlut — 2024-01-04T00:00:00Z

Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2024, p. 9-16.
Mevlut Karakaya, Sadberk Ersoy, Ahmet Feyzioğlu, Sezgin Ersoy
This study has important scientific, cultural and economic contributions. From a scientific point of view, the decipherment of Gokturkish texts is of critical importance for research on Turkish culture, history and language. This study will enable historians and researchers to analyze these documents more quickly and effectively. Culturally, the reading of Gokturkish texts will help us gain a deeper understanding of Turkish culture and history. For linguists and cultural researchers, understanding these texts can offer new perspectives on the richness and cultural heritage of the past. From an economic point of view, this thesis argues that computer-assisted reading technology can contribute to a faster and more efficient reading and understanding of Gokturkish texts, making it easier to analyze the documents. This in turn frees up more time and resources for researchers and cultural experts, allowing them to focus on future work.

Ferroresonance phenomena in power systems

Temiz, İsmail — 2024-01-11T00:00:00Z

Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2024, p. 1-8.
İsmail Temiz, Nesrin Tarkan
It is a known fact that the world's dependence on electrical energy is increasing day by day. The fact that electrical energy has some advantages over other types of energy, the increasing world population and changing living conditions can be considered among the reasons for this increase. This increase in dependence on electrical energy can be met by expanding existing facilities and establishing new facilities. In these studies, the transmission of electrical energy from the place where it is produced to the place where it is consumed poses important problems as the system expands. Some work is required to eliminate these technical and economic problems and to ensure stable operation of the system. These are problems that were not considered beforehand as the system grew. One of these problems is the ferroresonance phenomenon that occurs at the fundamental frequency due to the nonlinear magnetization characteristics of transformers. Ferroresonance is a resonance phenomenon that occurs in an electrical circuit containing an iron-core self-coil as a nonlinear element. This resonance manifests itself with sudden oscillations in the output size of the system caused by a small change in the amplitude or frequency of a magnitude applied to the input of the system. High voltage transmission lines are double-circuit lines that share the same pole. In special cases such as maintenance or malfunction of such a transmission system, one of the lines can be disconnected from the system and continue energy transmission with the other line. In the high voltage transmission line, the system may oscillate due to the stored energy in the magnetic field of the transformer inductance on the disabled line and the electric field of the line capacity. This oscillation disappears after a certain period of time due to iron losses and other circuit losses. When these losses are covered by the other transmission line, permanent oscillations and over voltages may occur at the transformer terminals. All these events are the negative effects of ferroresonance on transmission systems. In the energy transmission system, ferroresonance phenomenon occurs. Over voltages may occur in case of idle power transformers in star point/isolated networks. In medium voltage networks, ferroresonance occurs due to the melting of a fuse, the opening and closing of voltage transformers with one pole, and the dissymmetry that occurs as a result of a connection process. These negative effects caused by ferroresonance in the energy transmission power system are discussed in detail within the subject of this study.

Solving Saint Venant torsion problems for rectangular beams using single finite Fourier sine transform method

Ike, Charles Chinwuba — 2024-02-20T00:00:00Z

Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2024, p. 31-41.
Charles Chinwuba Ike
This research presents the single Fourier sine transform method (SFSTM) for solving the Saint Venant torsion problem of rectangular prismatic bars. The problem is a common theme in the theory of elasticity of unrestrained torsion which was previously expressed by Prandtl using Prandtl stress functions ϕ(x,y) as a Poisson type nonhomogeneous partial differential equation (PDE) called the stress compatibility equation. In this work the SFSTM was applied to the stress compatibility equation, converting the PDE to an easier to solve ordinary differential equation (ODE) in the transformed domain. The boundary conditions were used to find the integration constant and inversion was used to find the solution in the physical domain. The non vanishing stresses and torsional moments were thus found as a single series of infinite terms with rapid convergence. The maximum stresses and moments were found in standard form in terms of torsional parameters which were tabulated for various ratios of the cross-sectional dimensions. A comparison of the torsional parameters with previous results show that the present results are identical with previous results illustrating the accuracy of the SFSTM used. The sine kernel of the SFSTM satisfies the boundary conditions of the problem and contributed to the exact solution obtained. The SFSTM simplified the PDE to an ODE which is simpler to solve.

Ameliorating vibratory roller quality based on two methods of cab’s horizontal damper and cab’s active suspension

Jiang, Tianyuan — 2024-03-18T00:00:00Z

Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2024, p. 42-51.
Tianyuan Jiang, Vanliem Nguyen, Fan Zhang
To reduce both the seat's vertical acceleration and cab pitching vibration in vibratory rollers, an active horizontal seat suspension (AHSS) is proposed and researched based on the dynamic model of the vibratory rollers moving and working and off-road grounds. The fuzzy control is applied to calculate the control force of the AHSS. The indexes in the Root Mean Square acceleration in the seat (RMSas) and cab pitch angle (RMSaφ) have been selected as the objective functions. The isolation performance of the HASS is then compared with the cab isolations controlled (CC) and without control (WC) under two conditions of the vibratory roller moving and working on the off-road surface. The study results show that the vibratory roller’s quality using the AHSS has been strongly ameliorated in comparison with both the CC and WC under both moving/working conditions. Especially, comparison with the WC, both the values of RMSas and RMSaφ with the AHSS are greatly reduced by 54.2 % and 52.6 % under the moving case and by 44.5 % and 50.0 % under working conditions of the vibratory roller. Therefore, the AHSS should be applied to improve both the seat's vertical comfort and shaking in vibratory rollers.

Research on citrus segmentation algorithm based on complex environment

Zhang, Jia Jun — 2024-04-21T00:00:00Z

Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2024, p. 52-65.
Jia Jun Zhang, Peng Chao Zhang, Jun Lin Huang, Kai Yue, Zhi Miao Guo
Aiming to address the low efficiency of current deep learning algorithms for segmenting citrus in complex environments, this paper proposes a study on citrus segmentation algorithms based on a multi-scale attention mechanism. The DeepLab V3+ network model was utilized as the primary framework and enhanced to suit the characteristics of the citrus dataset. In this paper, we will introduce a more sophisticated multi-scale attention mechanism to enhance the neural network’s capacity to perceive information at different scales, thus improving the model’s performance in handling complex scenes and multi-scale objects. The DeepLab V3+ network addresses the challenges of low segmentation accuracy and inadequate refinement of segmentation edges when segmenting citrus in complex scenes, and the experimental results demonstrate that the improved algorithm in this paper achieves 96.8 % in the performance index of MioU and 98.4 % in the performance index of MPA, which improves the segmentation effectiveness to a significant degree.

Unveiling the future of cardiac care: advances in mechanical circulatory support

Tarcan, Bora — 2024-05-29T00:00:00Z

Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2024, p. 115-130.
Bora Tarcan
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a multifaceted clinical syndrome characterized by the inability of the heart to pump blood effectively, leading to inadequate oxygen and nutrient delivery to the body tissues. Despite advancements in treatment strategies, including guideline-directed medical treatment (GDMT), end-stage CHF remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Heart transplantation is considered to be the gold standard treatment of end stage CHF but constrained by the lack of organ donors, lengthening waitlists, and the negative side effects of lifelong immunosuppressive medications. Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) has emerged as a pivotal intervention for patients with end-stage CHF, serving as a bridge to recovery, transplantation, or destination therapy. The aim of this narrative review is to highlight the historical development of MCS, to assess the recent status of MCS device technology and discuss current challenges associated with complications of MCS that need to be solved in the future by device development. The history of MCS dates back to pioneering efforts in the 1960s, with significant progress in device development and utilization over decades. MCS devices, including left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and artificial hearts, play a crucial role in providing circulatory support to patients with end-stage CHF. Recent advancements in MCS technology aim to decrease the device size, enhance blood compatibility, reduce thrombo-embolic complications, and prolong device durability and battery life and improve physiological performance of MCS. Continued research and innovation are essential to address these challenges and improve outcomes in patients with end-stage CHF. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a valuable tool in cardiovascular medicine to facilitate risk prediction, patient selection, and treatment optimization for MCS and heart transplantation. Despite these advancements, challenges persist in MCS device selection, resource allocation, and integration of AI into clinical practice. Continued research and innovation are essential to address these challenges and improve outcomes in patients with advanced heart failure.

A neural network simulator for educational purposes

Kesen, Ugur — 2024-06-06T00:00:00Z

Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2024, p. 66-71.
Ugur Kesen, Sezgin Alsan
Artificial neural networks are inspired by biologic processes. Artificial neural networks are important because they can be used to deduct a function from observations, in other words artificial neural networks can learn from experience. Artificial neural network simulator to fulfill a need into the growing interest of neural network education is introduced in this study. NeuroQuick Laboratory simulator is implemented using object-oriented programming by Delphi programming and these classes can be used to create a standalone application with artificial neural networks. The NeuroQuick Laboratory Simulator is designed for a broad range of users, including beginning graduate/advanced undergraduate students, engineers, and scientists. It is particularly well-suited for use in individual student projects or as a simulation tool in one- or two-semester neural network-related courses at universities.

Energy storage technologies and their combinational usage in micro/mini unmanned aerial vehicles: a review

Gorgulu, Saliha Cansu — 2024-06-15T00:00:00Z

Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2024, p. 72-88.
Saliha Cansu Gorgulu, Isil Yazar, Tahir Hikmet Karakoc
As the world population increases, energy consumption extensively increases in every field. Energy is a need in several applications, and depending on its importance, its production should be renewable and clean. In order to meet energy requirements sustainably nowadays various alternative energy resources and improvements are recommended in each sector. One of the environmental steps taken in the aviation industry is the improvement of the propulsion systems and the resources used. For this purpose, the use of electrical energy, a more sustainable option than the energy obtained from fossil fuels, is suggested. In order for electrical energy to be used efficiently, it must be stored. This article reviews energy storage technologies used in aviation, specifically for micro/mini Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Combinational energy storage technologies in hybrid propulsion system architectures and their individual usage in all-electric propulsion system architectures are examined. New-generation propulsion technologies are also evaluated and classified in detail.

Influence of the rough surface and speed of crankpin bearing on the power of the engine

Nguyen, Vanliem — 2024-06-18T00:00:00Z

Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2024, p. 89-99.
Vanliem Nguyen
To fully evaluate the influence of the rough surface (σ) and speed (ω) of the crankpin bearing on the engine power, a combination model of the slider crank mechanism and crankpin bearing’s lubrication is established to calculate the mathematical equations for the simulation. Three indexes of the bearing-capacity (W), friction-force (F), and friction-coeficient (μ) are used to evaluate the influence of the change of the crankpin bearing’s speed and rough surface on the engine’s power. The study shows that increasing ω not only effectively reduces the load capacity of the crankpin bearing but also increases the F and μ in the engine’s crankpin bearing, thereby directly reducing the engine’s power. Besides, the reduction of ω also reduces the bearing-capacity of the crankpin bearing. To optimize the engine’s power, the engine’s speed should be maintained at 2000 r/min to improve the engine’s power. In addition, under the effect of the rough surface of the crankpin bearing, the W of the crankpin bearing is insignificantly affected by the change of the rough surface while both the F and μ are greatly affected. In particular, the maximum F at σ = 8 μm and σ = 10 μm is increased by 68.3 % and 77.7 % in comparison with the maximum F at minimum value of σ = 2 μm, respectively. Therefore, in the design of the engine, the rough surface of the crankpin bearing should be reduced to improve the engine’s power. Additionally, the design parameters of the crankpin bearings should also be optimized to further improve the engine’s power.

Mayfly optimization algorithm: a review

Bogar, Mohit N — 2024-06-18T00:00:00Z

Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2024, p. 17-30.
Mohit N Bogar, Ishwar D Shirodkar, Omkar Kulkarni, Samidha Jawade, Ganesh Kakandikar
This paper gives a review on the bio-inspired optimization methodology known as mayfly (MA) algorithm in order to resolve issues in optimization techniques. It is a newly formed meta-heuristic optimization algorithm that focuses on the movements of masculine and feminine mayflies. It is encouraged from flying behaviour also the methods of mating in mayflies. With the help of a realistic-world separate flow planning issue along with the coupling behaviour in numerous objective optimizations, the performance of the mayfly algorithm (MA) is well evaluated. Some of the implementations of this algorithm are discussed in this paper: Bearing fault diagnosis based on the mayfly algorithm, optimizing the performance of PEMFC, Covid diagnosis, wind speed optimization, improving the scheduling of solar wind speed using mayfly optimization, detecting fault in the wind turbine gearboxes, patterning in the array antennas with the help of optimization and so on .One of the main advantages of the MA is that it combines the other optimization algorithms namely swarm optimization (PSO) with the evolutionary optimizations (GA). The motion of the mayflies that resemble nuptial dance model along with the arbitrary flight helps in the improvement of the stability within the exploration and exploitation methods. In addition, allows escape from the community peak. All the above work reviewed shows promising results from the algorithm. More work can be carried out using this algorithm in future.

A study of rainy ibis detection based on Yolov7-tiny

Huang, Jun Lin — 2024-06-30T00:00:00Z

Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2024, p. 100-114.
Jun Lin Huang, Peng Chao Zhang, Jia Jun Zhang, Kai Yue, Zhi Miao Guo
The YOLOv7-tiny algorithm does not achieve high detection accuracy for crested ibis in rainy environments. Therefore, we developed a rainy day crested ibis target detection algorithm based on YOLOv7-tiny. Firstly, the RainMix method is used to simulate the rainy day shooting data to synthesise a set of ibis dataset which is closer to the real environment. Then, the k-means algorithm is applied to re-cluster the predicted anchor frames to improve the approximation between the predicted and real frames in the output. Finally, an efficient hybrid attention mechanism (E-SEWSA) is developed and integrated into a lightweight efficient layer aggregation network, while a dense residual network reconstruction module is utilised to improve the detection accuracy of the model. In the PAN+FPN structure, the context information fusion capability of the feature aggregation part of the network is enhanced by integrating the CARAFE module instead of the up-sampling module, so as to improve the model detection accuracy. After experimental verification, the algorithm proposed in this paper has better results in rainy day ibis detection.

Review of supercapacitor technology and applications

Gorgulu, Saliha Cansu — 2024-07-31T00:00:00Z

Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2024, p. 131-143.
Saliha Cansu Gorgulu, Isil Yazar, Tahir Hikmet Karakoc
While the world population is increasing day by day, environmental problems are reaching a level that cannot be ignored. Environmentalist steps are being taken in many areas, and governments are resorting to sanctions. It aims to reduce fossil fuel use as an environmental step in the transportation industry. Increasing the use of electric vehicles will be significant progress in achieving this goal. Batteries are generally used to store energy in electric vehicles. However, besides the weight problem and insufficient power density of the batteries, they have disadvantages, such as being produced from environmentally harmful materials. In this context, new energy storage technologies are being researched. One of them is “supercapacitor” technology. This paper is a review article examining several aspects of supercapacitors.

Review of research on disaster mitigation emergency congregate shelter planning for vulnerable group

Sun, Lulu — 2024-10-07T00:00:00Z

Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2024, p. 144-157.
Lulu Sun, Jianyu Chu
The elderly, including individuals with disabilities, women, and children, among other vulnerable evacuees, are the most fragile group during disasters. During major disasters, safely and rapidly transferring vulnerable evacuees to shelters that can meet their sheltering needs is crucial and challenging in emergency rescue work. This article systematically analyzes the sheltering behavior characteristics and sheltering needs of vulnerable evacuees based on relevant research at home and abroad. It also reviews the technical indicators and requirements for emergency shelter planning for vulnerable evacuees, and studies emergency shelter planning models from the perspective of vulnerable evacuees. Finally, it proposes prospects for emergency shelter planning indicators and models based on vulnerable evacuees, providing a reference and guidance for improving and enhancing emergency sheltering strategies for vulnerable evacuees.

Critical buckling load analysis of Euler-Bernoulli beam on two-parameter foundations using Galerkin method

Ike, Charles Chinwuba — 2024-10-15T00:00:00Z

Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2024, p. 158-172.
Charles Chinwuba Ike
The critical buckling load determination of Euler-Bernoulli beams on two-parameter elastic foundations (EBBo2PFs) is important to avert buckling failures. The governing equation for buckling of thin beam on two-parameter elastic foundation is a homogeneous ordinary differential equation (HODE) of fourth order and constant parameters when the beam is prismatic and homogeneous. The HODE has been solved in this work by Galerkin method for simply supported, clamped and clamped-simply supported ends. One-parameter algebraic shape function formulation was used to reduce the problem to an algebraic eigenvalue problem, which is solved to find the critical buckling load for each studied case. The critical buckling load for EBBo2PF for simply supported boundary conditions was found to be closely identical to the exact solutions. The solutions for clamped-clamped edges and clamped-simple supports were found to be accurate. The merit of the Galerkin method is the simplicity and the accuracy even when one-parameter shape function has been used.

Thermal and flow optimization and generative design simulations of the curing press manifold used in tire production

Çağlıyan, Ahmet Çağrı — 2024-11-30T00:00:00Z

Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2024, p. 191-198.
Ahmet Çağrı Çağlıyan, Fikret Akyüz, Ahmet Feyzioğlu, Sezgin Ersoy
The tire industry involves complex processes that require high temperatures and pressures for tire production and processing. In these processes, rubber dough is placed in molds using baking presses and shaped under high temperature and pressure. Manifold blocks are used to feed the molds in these presses and to ensure equal temperature distribution between the molds. However, existing manifold blocks tend to deform in a short time under high temperature and pressure and require constant maintenance. These changes can affect production continuity, reduce production quality and increase maintenance costs. Therefore, there was a need to research a more durable and low-maintenance manifold solution. In this study, Thermal Flow analysis was performed on the Cooking Press Manifold using the “Generative Design” method and the appropriate operating level of the system was determined.

Experimental optimal control of servo-pneumatic with sliding mode and GA-fuzzy-PID-PWM

Siavashi, M. — 2024-12-26T00:00:00Z

Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2024, p. 199-214.
M. Siavashi, M. Hasanlu
Due to the inherent nonlinearity of pneumatic systems, achieving accurate control of pneumatic actuators remains a challenging task. This study compares three control strategies-PID control, fuzzy control, and sliding mode control-used to guide the motion of pneumatic actuators driven by on/off solenoid valves. The primary objective is to evaluate and compare the performance of each controller in the context of servo-pneumatic systems, highlighting their respective advantages and disadvantages. On/off solenoid valves, which reduce system costs, are utilized in this study. Since these valves can only process on/off signals, pulse width modulation (PWM) is employed to modulate the input signal, adjusting the duty cycle and performance time of the valves. Initially, the governing equations for the actuator and valves are presented, followed by an introduction to each controller. The pulse width modulation algorithm is then discussed, which regulates the control signal to the valve’s duty cycle and performance time. Finally, simulation results are provided, comparing the controllers and illustrating their strengths and weaknesses.

Research on lightweight detection methods for the golden snub-nosed monkey based on YOLOv5n

Xu, Hao-Ran — 2024-12-26T00:00:00Z

Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2024, p. 173-190.
Hao-Ran Xu, Lei Wang, Kui Xiao, Peng-Chao Zhang, Xing He, Yan Zhou
To enable rapid detection of golden snub-nosed monkeys in complex environments, reduce the human costs associated with tracking and observing these monkeys, and accelerate the development of intelligent forest monitoring, we propose the PCB-YOLOv5n-prune model. This model is designed for lightweight devices and is based on channel pruning and module reconstruction. First, we constructed a dataset that combines annotations of the golden snub-nosed monkey's face and body, with some data converted to grayscale. We mixed and expanded five data styles to decrease reliance on color and enhance the informational content. Next, we applied the Sparse Group Lasso selection operator method to slim down the YOLOv5n primitive model for golden snub-nosed monkey detection, improving the detection speed of the underlying network. We then introduced a lightweight convolutional module, PConv, to create the improved residual branching module, CPB, which reduces model computation and memory access. Additionally, we incorporated a lightweight attention module, ECA, to adaptively weight channel features, facilitating local cross-channel information interaction. Finally, we integrated the ByteTrack multi-target tracking algorithm to enable continuous tracking of golden snub-nosed monkeys and visualize detection results. Experimental results demonstrate that the PCB-YOLOv5n-prune model reduces the number of parameters, floating point operations, and model weight by 61 %, 56 %, and 55 %, respectively, compared to the original YOLOv5n model, while significantly improving detection speed.

Electric motor design for steer-by-wire systems and functional safety analysis

Menekşe, Mehmet Duran — 2025-04-24T00:00:00Z

Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2025, p. 13-21.
Mehmet Duran Menekşe, Mustafa Caner Aküner
Steer-by-Wire (SbW) systems are gaining significance in the automotive industry in response to growing demands for driving comfort and safety. By eliminating traditional mechanical steering column connections, SbW systems offer reduced power consumption and enhanced steering performance. This paper examines the design and functional safety requirements of feedback motors used in SbW systems. In SbW systems, feedback motors generate reactive torque to improve the driver’s steering feel, requiring precise control. Brushless DC (BLDC) motors are emphasized as the preferred choice due to their high reliability and efficiency. This study outlines specific parameters for the selection and design of BLDC motors and identifies suitable options. The ISO 26262 functional safety standard is crucial for ensuring the safe operation of these systems. In compliance with the ISO 26262, the failure rates of electric motors must align with the associated risk levels. Additionally, these motors should incorporate safety mechanisms capable of detecting and isolating faults. In conclusion, adherence to the ISO 26262 standards in electric motor design for SbW systems is vital for vehicle safety and performance. This paper reviews studies aimed at developing safe, efficient, and reliable motors for modern automotive applications and offers recommendations.

Feedback torque control of an arm exoskeleton to assist user movement

Nguyen, Thang Cao — 2025-06-04T00:00:00Z

Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2025, p. 1-12.
Thang Cao Nguyen, Ngoc Tuan Nguyen
There is a growing interest in the area of human – robot interactions as the human – robot interactions plays an important role in the control design for the robot. The paper proposes a feedback torque control for a three degree of freedom model of an arm exoskeleton used for assisting user movement. Base on controlling the interaction torques in three joints of the robot to track the desired interaction torques, the feedback torque control is carried out to shape the impedance of the device. The optimal feedback torque control is carried out to minimize the total root mean square of human – robot interaction torques at three joints by using the Balancing Composite Motion Optimization.

CFD analysis of model rocket using the VDI 2206 approach

Ak, Yağmur — 2025-08-24T00:00:00Z

Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2025, p. 54-67.
Yağmur Ak, Efekan Koç, Savaş Dilibal
A model rocket system serves as an excellent example of a mechatronic system, integrating mechanical, electrical, and control components. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) plays a critical role in mechatronic system design by enabling the analysis and optimization of fluid interactions within these integrated systems. In rocket design, the accurate assessment of aerodynamic forces – thrust, weight, drag, and lift – is essential for optimizing performance. CFD analysis is employed to determine the drag coefficient (Cd) and lift coefficient (Cl), both of which contribute to improving the rocket's aerodynamic efficiency. CFD is a powerful tool for evaluating key aerodynamic parameters such as velocity, pressure, and temperature while also identifying and mitigating design flaws to enhance overall performance. This study examines the model rocket system from a mechatronic system design perspective, evaluating three different mesh structures in two- and three-dimensional CFD simulations to determine the most suitable configuration. The accuracy of the mesh depends on factors such as element size, quality metrics (skewness, orthogonal quality), and first-layer thickness. A well-refined mesh that adheres to these criteria significantly enhances the reliability of the simulation results, ensuring more precise aerodynamic analysis and performance optimization. The analysis results obtained in this study indicate that the rocket’s nose cone and the area around the wings are subjected to the highest forces, and that mechanical and structural improvements are needed in these areas.

Cooling analysis and innovative design to increase heat transfer in sealed electronic devices

Tarhan, Cevat Mübarek — 2025-10-04T00:00:00Z

Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2025, p. 22-39.
Cevat Mübarek Tarhan, Ahmet Feyzioğlu, Gunther Brenner
One of the most important problems of electronic devices is heating. Especially high-performance processors and electronic cards can draw significant power and therefore reach critical temperatures. Heating can lead to functional loss or failure of devices. Sealed systems are used in many areas today. Sealing is defined as not allowing two substances, water and dust, into a closed space. The purpose of our thesis is to design a new cooling system related to the cooling of sealed electronic devices. External flow ventilation will be used as active cooling, and a heatsink structure will be used as passive cooling. Then, the efficiency of this new design will be analyzed using CFD method. By keeping the device at reasonable temperature values, a new design example will be created, especially for cooling sealed structures. Analysis studies have been conducted according to different ventilation channels. As a result of these studies, reference data on how much heat can be drawn by different fin structures will be obtained. These reference data are aimed to provide an approximate cooling capacity estimation in projects where sealing is required. The data obtained as a result of the study are compared and presented in tabular form.

Design of a composite repetitive controller for grid-connected inverters with a notch filter

Liang, Fen — 2025-12-20T00:00:00Z

Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2025, p. 40-53.
Fen Liang, Xiao Liang, Huanke Cheng, Ho-Joon Lee
To address the resonance peak issue of LCL (Inductor capacitor inductor) grid-connected inverters at the resonant frequency and reduce system losses caused by passive damping, this paper proposes a novel plug-in composite repetitive controller based on an active damping strategy utilizing a notch filter, along with detailed parameter design for the controller. Simulation results demonstrate that the notch filter-based repetitive controller maintains high gain at the fundamental frequency while exhibiting rapid gain attenuation at higher frequencies. Since the harmonic content of the inverter system is predominantly concentrated in the low-frequency range, the controller achieves excellent harmonic suppression performance within the low-frequency region. The low gain at high frequencies enhances system stability. Compared with conventional repetitive controllers, the proposed controller adopts a low-loss notch filter damping method, preserves the superior harmonic suppression capability (the grid current harmonic is reduced by 1.37 %), and improves system stability.