Journal of Vibroengineering: Table of Contents

Circuit breaker sound source localization method based on cross-channel attention fusion

Gu, Guangmin — 2026-08-03T00:00:00Z

Journal of Vibroengineering, Vol. 28, Issue 6, 2026, p. 1604-1619.
Guangmin Gu, Wei Zhang, Fei Wan, Like Zhao
Identifying the active circuit breaker in densely packed distribution cabinets is challenging, as acoustic signatures from neighboring breakers often overlap. At the same time, microphone-array-based localization remains expensive to deploy. To address these limitations, we propose a stereo-enhanced cross-channel attention framework that localizes the source using only a fixed dual-microphone recorder. The input is represented as a six-channel time-frequency feature map that combines left and right log-Mel spectrograms, interaural level difference (ILD), interaural phase difference (IPD) encoded as cosine and sine components, and a GCC-PHAT peak map, enabling a clear separation between content and spatial cues. On top of this representation, we introduce Stereo-Enhanced Cross-Channel Attention (SECCA), in which the content branch provides Query features while the spatial branch provides Key and Value features for cross-channel guidance. The module injects directional information into content modeling through lightweight global pooling and gating. The resulting features are fed into a ConvNeXt-T backbone with hierarchical dual-head supervision for coarse region classification and fine breaker classification, with only the fine head retained during inference. File-level predictions are obtained by averaging clip-level posteriors within each recording. On a 10-kV switchgear dataset comprising 900 recordings across nine breaker positions, two operation types, and five load-current levels, ConvNeXt-T + SECCA achieves a file-level Macro-F1 of 84.79 %±2.26 % (+4.10 points) and a file-level localization accuracy of 84.90 %, with a peak of 88.00 %. Attention visualization and LR-swap consistency analysis further show that SECCA learns frequency-selective and spatially informative responses, rather than acting as a simple parameter increase. These results indicate that the proposed method provides a non-contact, low-cost solution for on-site cabinet inspection and online maintenance. The reported performance should be interpreted under a controlled fixed-recorder geometry.

Simulation and experimental investigation on dynamic response characteristics of rail connection components

Tian, Yuqin — 2026-08-12T00:00:00Z

Journal of Vibroengineering, Vol. 28, Issue 6, 2026, p. 1566-1584.
Yuqin Tian
To investigate the dynamic mechanical responses of rail connection components for high-speed railways, a combined numerical simulation and experimental method was adopted in this study. The deformation and stress distribution characteristics of components under typical loading conditions including longitudinal force and rolling force were analyzed. Modal analysis and fatigue life tests were performed on serpentine springs, and four structural schemes with different cross-sectional sizes (DR_1-DR_4) were designed. The effects of cross-sectional parameters on impact response, natural frequency and stiffness evolution were comprehensively studied. Through comparative analysis of multiple schemes, the regulation mechanism of wall thickness and cross-sectional dimension on the dynamic performance of serpentine springs was revealed, and the design defect of blindly increasing cross-sectional sizes was avoided. The results demonstrated that the overall deformation of rail connection components was dominated by serpentine springs, and high-stress concentration zones were distributed at the curved segments of springs. The first six-order natural frequencies of serpentine springs were confined to the range of 500-750 Hz, and the resonance risk was extremely low under normal service conditions. The inner sides of curved sections were confirmed as the weak areas prone to fatigue failure. The optimal matching state between stiffness and mass was realized by the DR_1 scheme, which exhibited the most stable impact response and the mildest stiffness variation, as well as the best comprehensive performance. The obtained findings were provided as sufficient theoretical foundations and experimental supports for the structural optimization, fatigue life assessment and engineering application of rail connection components.

Frequency stabilization control methods for MEMS micro-resonators under multi-physics coupling conditions

Liu, Yuhui — 2026-08-14T00:00:00Z

Journal of Vibroengineering, (in Press).
Yuhui Liu
MEMS micro-resonators often operate in a multi-physics coupling environment involving electrostatic fields, molecular force fields, and structural force fields, exhibiting significant nonlinear natural frequency perturbation and frequency drift, which leads to large fluctuations in output frequency. Existing methods struggle to simultaneously characterize the nonlinear coupling effects of Casimir force and electrostatic force, and lack adaptive compensation capability for time-varying disturbances. To overcome this bottleneck, this paper proposes a frequency stabilization control method based on nonlinear coupled dynamics and adaptive compensation using a fuzzy emotional neural network. The main contributions are as follows: a distributed-parameter nonlinear vibration model incorporating dynamic electrostatic force and Casimir force is established, revealing the intrinsic competitive mechanism through which initial gap and beam length affect frequency drift; a fuzzy emotional neural network with dynamic displacement, dynamic electrostatic force, and dynamic Casimir force as multi-field fusion inputs is designed to achieve high-precision real-time estimation of the system's unmodeled dynamics; an error-constrained barrier Lyapunov function is constructed and combined with backstepping control to realize adaptive feedforward-feedback composite compensation of the excitation voltage between the plates. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves high-precision frequency stabilization control under different micro-resonator lengths (500 μm, 1000 μm, and 1500 μm), with the root mean square error of frequency tracking as low as 0.46×104 Hz, which is reduced by approximately one order of magnitude compared with the PID method. The maximum Allan variance is only 4.5×10-10, reduced by approximately two orders of magnitude compared with the open-loop state, meeting the accuracy requirements of industrial-grade frequency sources such as 5G base station local oscillators and inertial navigation system clocks. The proposed method does not rely on modifying the device geometry and is insensitive to changes in structural dimensions, providing a feasible and robust intelligent control solution for the engineering application of high-precision MEMS resonators.

Periodic motion characteristics of an automotive seat height adjustment gear transmission system under multi-source excitations

Zhang, Hai Bo — 2026-08-17T00:00:00Z

Journal of Vibroengineering, (in Press).
Hai Bo Zhang, Hua Jian Shang, Xiong Wei, Qiao Pang
To reveal the influence patterns of various internal and external excitations, such as errors, clearances, stiffness, rotational speeds, and loads, on the gear transmission system of the height adjuster, and to optimize the vibration and impact generated by these excitations, theoretical modeling, numerical analysis, and simulation verification methods were comprehensively utilized to calculate and analyze the periodic motion characteristics and response amplitudes of the seat height adjuster. The results show that, to prevent the system from entering a chaotic state, the input gear speed should avoid the speed ranges of 1349 r/min-1359 r/min and 1589 r/min-2060 r/min. This work provides a theoretical basis for the selection of operating conditions for the gear transmission system of the height adjuster, and also offers valuable references and insights for engineers and technicians in related fields.

Structural health monitoring and digital twin-based diagnosis of a prestressed concrete bridge

Cano, José — 2026-08-17T00:00:00Z

Journal of Vibroengineering, (in Press).
José Cano, Javier Maldonado, Teresa P. Real, Julia I. Real
This study develops a comprehensive Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) strategy applied to the Spyckstraße Bridge, a three-span composite slab-girder structure constructed in 1976, with the objective of evaluating its structural performance under current design standards and increased traffic loads. A short-term monitoring campaign based on non-destructive techniques was carried out to record dynamic responses, including vibrations, displacements, and modal properties. The collected data served to calibrate and validate a Digital Twin model through an iterative optimization process using a genetic algorithm, achieving a deviation below 3 % between experimental and numerical eigenfrequencies. Once validated, the Digital Twin was used to assess the structural response under code-compliant load combinations and to determine utilisation levels for all critical sections. The analysis showed that none of the structural components reached their ultimate limit state, although the maximum tensile utilisation (97.3 %) was identified in the external girder of the central span under combined extreme traffic and thermal loading conditions. Furthermore, a parametric study addressing tendon corrosion effects indicated notable variations in modal characteristics and a decrease in load-bearing capacity. These findings highlight the effectiveness of integrating short-term SHM data with calibrated numerical models as a reliable framework for structural assessment, enabling early damage detection, informed maintenance strategies, and enhanced lifecycle management of existing bridge assets.

Dynamic synchronization analysis of dual eccentric shafts driven by parallel hydraulic motors

Li, Jiong — 2026-08-17T00:00:00Z

Journal of Vibroengineering, (in Press).
Jiong Li, Shouceng Deng, Jiaxing Lu
Mechanical devices with eccentric shaft synchronization are extensively employed in engineering applications, such as exploration, pile driving, rock breaking, and material selection. In this work, a dynamic model of two eccentric shafts was established to study their synchronization characteristics in a parallel hydraulic motor system. The flow characteristics of two parallel hydraulic motors were considered for nonidentical parameters of the shafts. Our simulation results show that two eccentric shafts can sequentially reach a steady state despite their different parameters. However, their rotational velocities are unequal in the steady state. Further, the viscous damping coefficient more severely influences the synchronization characteristics of the shafts than mass and eccentricity. Finally, we show that the numerical and simulation results are supported by the experimental findings.

Performance analysis of asymmetric variable diameter base circle involute vortex profile

Li, Hao — 2026-08-19T00:00:00Z

Journal of Vibroengineering, (in Press).
Hao Li, Zhiyuan Zhang, Weikang Liu, Xuehui Chen, Congmin Li, Wei Liu
Based on the structural characteristics of asymmetric vortex compressors, a structure of asymmetric variable diameter base involute vortex comprwessors is proposed, and performance analysis is conducted for vortex compressors used in portable oxygen production systems. According to the normal equidistant method, the volume calculation formula for a variable diameter base circle involute vortex disc with both inner and outer profile angles was derived. An asymmetric variable diameter base circle involute vortex disc model with equal content product ratio was established, and its performance was compared with that of an asymmetric circular involute vortex disc under certain conditions. The results showed that, while ensuring the same compression ratio, the structural size of the model was reduced by 7.58 %, the area utilization rate was reduced by 7.47 %, and the material was more economical. Meanwhile, the gas force was reduced, and the mechanical properties were better. Under the condition of ensuring the same size, the suction volume of the model increased by 8.98 % and the compression ratio increased by 16.3 %, indicating better working performance. This study could provide theoretical reference for the design of vortex compressors in specific scenarios.

A lightweight mechanical fault diagnosis framework based on dynamic separable convolution and broadcast self-attention

Yang, Peiyi — 2026-08-19T00:00:00Z

Journal of Vibroengineering, Vol. 28, Issue 6, 2026, p. 1458-1480.
Peiyi Yang, Yizhe Song, Tiantong Zhang
To address issues such as the large number of parameters, high computational complexity, and inadequate real-time performance in existing CNN-Transformer hybrid fault diagnosis models, we propose a lightweight fault diagnosis framework, LWConvFormer. This framework comprises two core innovative modules: a dynamic separable multi-scale convolutional module that employs a gated network for adaptive feature extraction, thereby reducing computational load while enhancing adaptability to complex fault modes; and a broadcast self-attention module that substitutes traditional matrix multiplication with broadcast operations, thereby decreasing computational complexity from a quadratic to a linear level. Experimental results based on the planetary gearbox at Xi'an Jiaotong University and the QPZZ-II type rotating machinery test bench demonstrate that LWConvFormer maintains excellent diagnostic performance across various noise levels. The number of parameters and computational load are reduced by a factor of 6 to 10 compared to mainstream methods, while the training speed increases by nearly 7 times. This framework effectively balances diagnostic accuracy, model lightweighting, and noise resistance, offering an efficient solution for real-time fault diagnosis in industrial settings.

Characterization of a novel rolling-sliding hybrid bearing for main shafts of high-power wind turbines

Li, Shengbo — 2026-08-19T00:00:00Z

Journal of Vibroengineering, (in Press).
Shengbo Li, Siyue Chen, Yifan Liu, Yuan Luo, Roman Polyakov, Zhaobo Chen
Traditional main shaft rolling bearings often experience localized stress concentration, transient overheating, and fatigue spalling under low-speed, heavy-load, and variable-speed operating conditions, making it difficult to meet long-life service requirements. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel hybrid rolling-sliding bearing structure with a parallel design of rolling and sliding bearings, and investigates its operational performance through simulation. Via parameter optimization, the length-to-diameter ratio of the sliding bearing is determined as 1.4, and the initial radial clearance as 400 μm. The results show that under two typical operating conditions of 8 rpm and 10 rpm, the sliding bearing system can achieve a static equilibrium state. Based on the Reynolds equation and its static equilibrium conditions, the eccentricity ratio and attitude angle of the sliding bearing at the static equilibrium position are determined. These parameters are then applied as the eccentric parameters of the bearing bush in the design of the hybrid bearing structure. Consequently, once the hybrid bearing transitions from the start-stop phase to stable operation, the sliding bearing can generate hydrodynamic effects and effectively share the radial load, thereby significantly reducing the radial load borne by the rolling bearing. By adopting a parallel load-carrying structure of rolling and sliding bearings, the modified rating life of the rolling elements within the hybrid bearing under load-sharing conditions reaches approximately 43.52 years at 8 rpm and 35.43 years at 10 rpm, corresponding to improvement factors of 4.9 and 5.0, respectively, compared to the pure rolling bearing, which exhibits 8.89 years at 8 rpm and 7.11 years at 10 rpm. Furthermore, over the operating speed range of 3 to 16 rpm, the average Modified rating life of the rolling elements within the hybrid bearing under load-sharing conditions is approximately 23.58 years for the design based on 8 rpm eccentricity parameters and approximately 23.79 years for the design based on 10 rpm eccentricity parameters, compared to 9.55 years for the pure rolling bearing. The service life of the system is markedly improved, meeting the long-life operation requirements of wind turbines.

Energy transfer through boiling-cavitation interaction in high-intensity focused ultrasound

Dong, Hu — 2026-08-19T00:00:00Z

Journal of Vibroengineering, (in Press).
Hu Dong, Gaofeng Peng
The primary mechanism causing energy topological distortion in the target area is the high-order synergy between boiling phase transition and inertial cavitation caused by high-power short-pulse (HPSP) focused ultrasound. A new multi-physics model that links bubble swarms with the thermo-acoustic phase transition at all scales is presented in this research. The pure enthalpy approach is used to objectively quantify a temperature clamping effect (locked at 100±1 ℃) of the latent heat of vaporization (≈ 2.37×109 J/m3). The microcompressible Keller-Miksis equation is updated by coupling the elastic deviatoric stress of the fully incompressible solid phase (υ = 0.5), indicating that the bubble wall collapse Mach number can reach an anomalous breakthrough of 1.2 due to the release of tissue shear elastic energy. The spatiotemporal genesis of the clinical “tadpole-shaped” lesion distortion brought on by bubble cloud shielding is revealed by two-dimensional acoustic field reconstruction. This leads to the proposal of a closed-loop control method with a 20 % dynamic duty cycle. This approach accurately anchors the focal region to the analytical solution (78.4 °C) using thermal relaxation, as confirmed by the construction of a highly sensitive phase transition surrogate model with transient acoustic pressure gating operators. Additionally, it accurately reduces about 99.4 % of unsuccessful mechanical over-kill by displaying the distinct tiny step-like physical fusing features of low-frequency pulses. Intended primarily for medical therapeutic applications, this work establishes a foundation in fluid dynamics and multiphysics mathematical modeling for a novel class of clinical conformal ablation methods by bridging the gap between microscopic dynamics and macroscopic thermal response.

Error mechanisms and applicability boundaries of the vibration input method in tunnel seismic response analysis

Tan, Xukai — 2026-08-19T00:00:00Z

Journal of Vibroengineering, (in Press).
Xukai Tan, Zhengdong Chen, Jiamu Yuan, Guangping Lu, Feng Gao, Hao Ding
This study evaluates the applicability of traditional vibration input methods in tunnel seismic analysis to address limited calculation accuracy and ambiguous applicability. The vibration input method, wave input method, and theoretical solutions are compared to clarify the error mechanism and main influencing factors. Through correlation analyses, the relationships between model dimensions, geological parameters, and accuracy are established. Then an innovative approach is proposed to improve the calculation accuracy and refine the scope of applicability. The results indicate that the assumed bedrock surface position and model boundaries can significantly affect the accuracy of the model, with the height and wave velocity of the surrounding rock being key control parameters. When the model height is fixed, the correlation coefficient between vibration and wave input results shows three stages of change with increasing width: rapid increase, deceleration growth, and asymptotic convergence to 1. In the case of a fixed width, as the height increases, the coefficient follows a trend of “approximately stable slightly decreasing”. The optimal aspect ratio is 1:2. Size optimization formulas under different rock conditions and methods for selecting analysis time periods are proposed to clarify the engineering applicability of the vibration input method.

Optimization of trajectory tracking accuracy and vibration suppression for continuum flexible robotic arm

Sun, Haiyan — 2026-08-27T00:00:00Z

Journal of Vibroengineering, (in Press).
Haiyan Sun, Yuanyuan Li
Drawbacks of continuous flexible manipulators, such as insufficient trajectory tracking accuracy and obvious flexible vibration, were targeted, and an integrated hierarchical strategy of trajectory replanning and disturbance rejection control was proposed for cable-driven flexible manipulators. A STO-MPC (Stochastic Trajectory Optimization Model Predictive Control) framework was constructed. Probabilistic obstacle avoidance constraints and gradient-independent solving mechanisms were introduced to tackle the high computational delay and poor dynamic adaptability of traditional planning approaches, while stiffness constraints and residual vibration suppression requirements of flexible structures were fully satisfied. A cooperative control framework of ADO-RITSMC (Adaptive Disturbance Observer-Rapid Integral Terminal Sliding Mode Control) was established. Model-free real-time compensation for multi-source disturbances was realized, finite-time convergence of tracking errors was achieved by the improved terminal sliding mode, and residual vibration of flexible links was effectively suppressed accordingly. Comprehensive comparative tests were conducted on standard O-shaped trajectories and high-curvature V-shaped trajectories, with GO-MPC (Gaussian Observer-based Model Predictive Control), APF-MPC (Artificial Potential Field-based Model Predictive Control) sliding mode algorithms. Experimental results demonstrated that STO-MPC can achieve the lowest peak computation time, completes the convergence of obstacle state estimation within 0.5 s, and yields a steady-state velocity estimation error of 0.0015 m/s. Its trajectory tracking RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) is 18.7 % and 36.8 % lower than that of GO-MPC and APF-MPC respectively, delivering superior real-time performance, estimation stability and tracking accuracy. The proposed ADO-RITSMC reduces vibration amplitude by 16.7 % with a peak vibration acceleration of –1.0 g, and exhibits faster vibration attenuation and slighter trajectory oscillation during dynamic obstacle avoidance, which fully verifies the hierarchical collaborative advantages of STO-MPC trajectory replanning and ADO-RITSMC vibration suppression.

Multi-objective optimization of industrial washing machine under extreme working load conditions

Han, Zhiyin — 2026-08-27T00:00:00Z

Journal of Vibroengineering, (in Press).
Zhiyin Han
To solve the engineering problems of severe vibration in the dehydration stage, insufficient reliability of load-bearing components, and the difficulty in balancing lightweight design and dynamic performance of industrial washing machines, mechanical performance analysis of key load-bearing components and optimization of vibration isolation systems were conducted. Dynamic modeling, finite element simulation and multi-objective optimization methods were integrated under extreme working load conditions. The dynamic model of the vibration isolation system was established by the Lagrange method. The rigid-flexible coupling simulation model of the cabinet and the refined finite element model of the inner cylinder were constructed. The Kriging surrogate model was adopted to fit nonlinear correlations between structural design variables and mechanical responses. Optimization results quantitatively demonstrate that the cabinet achieves an 11.0 % weight reduction and the inner cylinder realizes a 9.8 % mass cut without exceeding the original maximum stress and fundamental frequency constraints. After optimizing the matching of suspension spring stiffness and damping coefficient, the resonance peak amplitude of the inner cylinder center of mass vibration decreased by 58 %, effectively suppressing the equipment resonance amplification phenomenon and improving the dehydration stability and efficiency. This study provides a complete simulation-surrogate multi-objective optimization workflow for heavy laundry equipment bearing structures and vibration isolation systems under extreme service loads.

Self-excited vibration of a thermally expandable cantilever beam driven by a steady temperature difference

Du, Changshen — 2026-08-28T00:00:00Z

Journal of Vibroengineering, (in Press).
Changshen Du, Caifeng Zhang
Responsive polymers can generate various self-sustained motions through the tuning of their geometric configurations, external stimuli, and boundary constraints. Research and innovation of novel self-sustained motions can broaden the scope of application for self-sustained active machines. In this paper, a novel dynamic model for the self-excited vibration of a thermally expandable cantilever beam driven by a steady temperature difference is constructed. The governing equation for the self-excited vibration of the beam is derived and solved using the modal superposition method. Numerical calculations reveal that the beam has two typical motion states, namely, the static state and the self-excited vibration state. The self-excitation mechanism is explained by the coupling between beam motion and the periodic switching of the thermally induced bending torque. The effects of each system parameter on the amplitude of the vibration in steady state are further investigated quantitatively, and the critical values for triggering the beam self-excited vibration are identified. Furthermore, the period of the self-excited vibration in steady state is almost unaffected by environmental parameters. The self-excited vibration cantilever beam holds promising potential for applications in soft robotics, energy harvesting, active motors, and self-sustained machinery.

Analysis of flow evolution mechanism in variable speed control of semi-open impeller centrifugal pump

Dong, Wei — 2026-09-09T00:00:00Z

Journal of Vibroengineering, (in Press).
Wei Dong, Shijie Yao, Haichen Zhang
To investigate the transient flow characteristics and flow field hysteresis mechanism within a centrifugal pump during variable speed regulation, this paper selects a double-volute, semi-open impeller centrifugal pump as the research object, through the Pro/E software modeling for centrifugal pump 3-d full port, choosing Renault N-S equation and standard k-ε turbulence model, using CFX software perform numerical simulations process of centrifugal pump up or slow down the transient flow characteristics to carry on the numerical simulation, the evolution law of flow field in centrifugal pump during variable speed adjustment is studied and analyzed. The results demonstrate that the internal pressure, flow velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and vorticity within the centrifugal pump exhibit distinct transient characteristics during variable speed regulation. During the acceleration phase, as the rotational speed elevates, the internal pressure of the pump increases along with an expanded pressure fluctuation range, the vorticity within the impeller passage increases, the vorticity in the volute chamber decreases, and the fluid velocity and turbulent kinetic energy change obviously in the middle region of the blade working face and the blade tip region. In the process of deceleration, with the decrease of rotational speed, the pressure in the centrifugal pump decreases, the vorticity in the impeller passage decreases, and the vorticity in the volute increases first and then weakens. When t= 0.4 s, pressure on the outlet wall of the volute of the centrifugal pump increases obviously, and the flow velocity and turbulent kinetic energy likewise change obviously in the middle region of the blade working face and the blade tip region. Quantitative comparison further reveals an obvious transient hysteresis effect: under identical rotational speed, the overall pressure and turbulent kinetic energy in deceleration process are higher than those in acceleration process, which provides a new physical understanding of flow discrepancy between two variable-speed modes lacking in previous qualitative researches.

Optimization of vibration suppression effect of disc brake based on quadratic response surface algorithm

Cui, Hongyan — 2026-09-10T00:00:00Z

Journal of Vibroengineering, (in Press).
Hongyan Cui
To achieve the dual improvement of weight reduction and vibration damping of brake discs on the premise that heat transfer performance and strength performance were not attenuated, a multi-objective optimization scheme based on the response surface algorithm was proposed. Firstly, considering the influence of thermal stress on the natural frequency of brake discs, a thermal-structural-modal coupling analysis model of the braking system was established. The transient temperature field, transient stress field and pre-stress modal response characteristics were obtained, and the accuracy of the finite element model was verified through temperature and modal tests. Secondly, experimental design was carried out based on Central Composite Design (CCD), and the quadratic response surface method was introduced to construct a surrogate model, so as to realize the mathematical expression of natural frequency, peak temperature, peak stress and mass. Finally, a multi-dimensional optimization mathematical model was constructed. With the minimum mass as the objective, combined with the Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) algorithm, the first-order natural frequency was optimized to the range of 1400-1800 Hz on the premise that the peak thermal stress was not increased. The research results showed that under the condition of meeting the multi-objective optimization requirements, the mass of the brake disc could be reduced by more than 3.5 %. The proposed thermal-structural-modal coupling analysis model solved the problem that the traditional modal calculation had a large deviation from the actual boundary conditions. The applied quadratic response surface surrogate model realized multi-objective collaborative optimization, which had important engineering value for improving the NVH performance of automobiles, alleviating the continuous excitation of the brake disc friction pair and the modal coupling resonance between components, and promoting the development of automotive lightweighting and intelligentization.

Seismic performance of prefabricated bridge piers with grouted sleeve connections: a comparative study of pier configurations

Yao, Zewen — 2026-09-10T00:00:00Z

Journal of Vibroengineering, (in Press).
Zewen Yao, Sheng Li, Li Wang, Yunhua Lu, Li Ma, Zhigang Chen
Prefabricated bridge structures have gained increasing attention in modern civil engineering due to their advantages in construction efficiency and quality control. However, their application in seismic regions remains limited, primarily due to insufficient understanding of their seismic performance and damage mechanisms. This study investigates the seismic behavior of prefabricated double-column piers with grouted sleeve connections using a high-fidelity finite element model developed in ABAQUS. A quasi-static loading protocol is employed to evaluate key performance indicators, including hysteretic response, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, and damage evolution. The seismic performance of prefabricated piers is systematically compared with that of cast-in-place counterparts. Furthermore, the influence of pier configuration (single-, double-, and three-column systems) on seismic performance is examined. The results indicate that, although prefabricated double-column piers exhibit slightly reduced ductility, they demonstrate superior peak load capacity and enhanced energy dissipation capacity compared to cast-in-place piers. Among different configurations, double-column piers show the most balanced force distribution and minimal damage concentration. In contrast, single- and three-column systems exhibit significantly lower load capacity and energy dissipation, with reductions of 66.4 % and 23.3 %, respectively. These findings provide valuable insights into the seismic design of prefabricated bridge piers and support their application in seismic regions.

Parametric analysis of vibration isolation performance of a single bell-plate hydraulic mount using a quarter-car model

Wei, Jian — 2026-09-10T00:00:00Z

Journal of Vibroengineering, (in Press).
Jian Wei, Yuedong Huang, Zhihong Lin
In order to improve ride comfort, mounting system was required to effectively isolate the vibrations generated by the engine, preventing them from being transmitted to the vehicle body and the cabin, while ensuring that the displacement of the powertrain remains within controllable limits under various operating conditions. This study investigated the vibration isolation performance of single bell plate hydraulic mount in a quarter‑car model. Key parameters including force transmissibility and relative displacement transmissibility were analyzed under varying damping of the main rubber spring, different mass combinations (engine, body, wheel) and different road excitations. The results showed that with optimized parameters (Ku= 3.39×104 N/m, Bu= 2500 N·s/m, Kt= 2.5×105 N/m, Br= 100 N·s/m), minimum force transmissibility in the low‑frequency region and low relative‑displacement transmissibility in the high‑frequency region can be achieved. Appropriate matching of Mb, Mw, and Me further reduced both force and relative‑displacement transmissibility. Under random road excitation, force transmissibility, mount stroke, and suspension stroke increased with road roughness, whereas relative displacement transmissibility between engine and frame decreased significantly (by 67.0 % on Grade B and 85.5 % on Grade C compared to Grade A). With impact excitation, force transmissibility changed variably with grade, while mount and suspension displacements were markedly amplified; nevertheless, the mount maintained effective control across all roughness levels.

Gaussian basis function fitting for stationary solutions of a double-flag hysteretic nonlinear oscillator under colored noise excitation

Bo, Yanfan — 2026-09-21T00:00:00Z

Journal of Vibroengineering, (in Press).
Yanfan Bo, Jianguo Tan, Gen Ge, Lingyu Li
The double-flag hysteretic nonlinear model is widely used in industrial applications, particularly for describing the stress-strain constitutive relationship of shape memory alloys (SMAs). This study investigates the vibrational response of a double-flag hysteretic nonlinear oscillator under Gaussian colored noise excitation. A semi-analytical method, Gaussian basis function (GBF) fitting, is employed to approximate the system’s steady-state probability density function (PDF) as a weighted sum of Gaussian basis functions. A loss function is constructed using stochastic sampling, and optimal weight coefficients are determined through minimization. The method yields the steady-state joint PDF of displacement and velocity, as well as their marginal PDFs. The results show good agreement with Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) data.

Dynamic characteristics of a shim valve captured by a combination of fluid-solid coupling and feedforward neural network (FNN)

Zhu, Qixin — 2026-09-24T00:00:00Z

Journal of Vibroengineering, Vol. 28, Issue 6, 2026, p. 1620-1639.
Qixin Zhu, Lifeng Wei, Xianju Yuan, Yaohua Guo, Zhongqiang Feng
Owing to the nonlinear deformation of thin annular plates, fluid-solid coupling behaviors and complex structural combinations, dynamic characteristics of shim valves could not be captured easily in a design stage in view of traditional methods. For obtaining dynamic behaviors accurately, a dynamic finite element model (DFEM) of a shim valve in view of fluid-solid coupling is developed firstly, thus presenting dynamic features under different pressure drops and structural parameters. Utilizing the partial data from the DFEM, the FNN model is trained, and it is further used to predict other dynamic characteristics under more conditions if high accuracy of such a FNN model is available. Finally, conditions including pressure drops and diverse structural parameters for predicted results could be introduced into a DFEM, and comparisons for dynamic results from two models will be achieved, further validating feasibility of such a FNN model. It is reflected through comparisons that dynamic behaviors from the FNN model are highly consistent with those of the DFEM whether the original or predicted data is considered, and relative error for the steady-state opening is less than 1 %. Therefore, such a combination achieves a good prediction for dynamic behaviors, and it could be used to design similar valves.

Experimental study on underwater vibro-acoustic performance of cylindrical pressure cabin with floating raft isolation system

Hu, Quansheng — 2026-09-27T00:00:00Z

Journal of Vibroengineering, (in Press).
Quansheng Hu, Yilei Li, Chaoying Wang, Qichao Xue, Guangping Zou, Mingtao Chen
Shipboard equipment vibration is the main source of underwater radiated noise for marine vessels, and floating raft isolation (FRI) systems are widely used for vibration and noise reduction. Current land-based air tests cannot directly reflect the actual isolation performance of FRI systems in underwater service conditions. To address this gap, this paper conducts a systematic experimental study on the vibro-acoustic characteristics of a typical ship cylindrical cabin with an FRI system, in both air and underwater environments. The vibration transfer laws and underwater radiated noise characteristics of the structure are obtained, and the isolation performance of the FRI system is quantitatively evaluated. The research results can provide a direct experimental basis and reference for the design, test, and optimization of marine vibration isolation systems. Compared with previous studies that mainly considered bare or simply stiffened shells, or evaluated floating raft isolation through numerical or air-based tests, this work tests an integrated vibration source to raft with isolator to stiffened-shell to water configuration and provides source-path-receiver benchmark data for assessing the environmental robustness of FRI systems.

Cavitation mechanisms in the front chamber of a dual-chamber-controlled hydraulic rock drill

Wang, Jiansen — 2026-09-27T00:00:00Z

Journal of Vibroengineering, (in Press).
Jiansen Wang, Haonan Wang, Shaojun Liu, Hongliang Yan, Xin Zhang, Bin Liu, Liejiang Wei
The coupling between the high-frequency reciprocating motion of the impact piston and the transient internal flow field in a hydraulic rock drill constitutes the dynamic origin of cavitation in the system. To reveal the mechanism of cavitation evolution in the front chamber, this study focused on a dual-chamber-controlled hydraulic rock drill and developed a fluid-structure coupling numerical model integrating fluid dynamics and rigid-body kinematics. Numerical simulations were conducted using PumpLinx software to obtain the spatiotemporal evolution of the internal flow field of the impactor during operation. Results show that cavitation initiates in the braking phase at the end of the return stroke and continues into the acceleration phase at the beginning of the forward stroke. During the braking phase, cavitation nuclei originate and develop at two critical locations: first, at the right corner of the undercut groove in the main oil passage, where a sudden flow cross-section reduction generates a high-speed jet, and the adverse pressure gradient induces flow separation and vortex structures, leading to intense bubble evolution in this region; second, at the bottom of the annular cavity near the guide sleeve, where opposing directions of the main flow and the replenishment flow result in insufficient oil supply, yielding relatively gradual cavitation development. Upon entering the initial forward-stroke acceleration phase, the reversed piston motion rapidly pressurizes the guide-sleeve annular cavity, where bubbles collapse quickly as pressure recovers. In contrast, downstream of the undercut groove corner, persistent vortex motion significantly delays bubble collapse.

The vibration signal denoising method for high voltage circuit breaker mechanical condition diagnosis based on dual-tree complex wavelet transform

Tang, Youjia — 2026-09-27T00:00:00Z

Journal of Vibroengineering, (in Press).
Youjia Tang, Miao Qi, Biao Cai, Fuqun Zhang
The vibration signal of the operating mechanism during the operation of high-voltage circuit breaker (HVCB) contains a large amount of information, which can be used to reflect the mechanical status of circuit breakers and thus carry out early warning and diagnosis of potential faults. However, the complex operating environment of the circuit breaker contains a large number of noise signals, which makes the vibration signals obscured and thus difficult to extract the feature values accurately and easily. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a new denoising method based on Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DT-CWT), which is specifically used for the feature extraction of mechanical vibration signals from HVCB. Real vibration signals are first simulated and full-band random noise is injected to replicate the field noise conditions. Various decomposition layers and denoising methods within the DT-CWT framework were tested on these simulated signals to assess their effectiveness. The performance of the proposed methods was further validated using actual acquired HVCB vibration signals. The results show that DT-CWT is a powerful tool for denoising mechanical vibration signals, improving the clarity of the signals and maintaining the integrity of the signals in the presence of noise, providing a significant improvement over conventional wavelet method. This study provides a robust solution for reducing noise in circuit breaker vibration signals and an effective reference method for improving mechanical status diagnosis.

Analysis and design of large-span post-tensioned bonded prestressed concrete frame with transfer structure

Wang, Jianglong — 2026-09-27T00:00:00Z

Journal of Vibroengineering, Vol. 28, Issue 6, 2026, p. 1547-1565.
Jianglong Wang, Chongyang Jiang, Qian Yang, Yang Gao
The roof of a swimming pool is supported by a 33.6 m-span post-tensioned bonded prestressed concrete frame, in which the presence of a heavy upper transfer structure and superimposed filling loads significantly complicates the structural behavior. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of such structural systems based on a practical engineering project. A refined analytical framework is developed to evaluate the flexural capacity, stiffness, deflection, and crack width of prestressed concrete frame beams, with particular consideration of prestress effects and secondary internal forces induced by the transfer structure. In addition, a performance-oriented design approach incorporating ductility requirements and vertical seismic effects is proposed. A three-dimensional global analysis is adopted to capture the interaction between structural components and to improve the accuracy of dynamic response evaluation. The results indicate that the presence of the upper transfer structure significantly affects internal force redistribution, and the induced secondary internal forces must be carefully considered in design. The proposed system demonstrates favorable structural performance in terms of load-carrying capacity, ductility, and seismic behavior under heavy loading conditions. Compared with conventional design approaches, this study highlights the importance of considering the coupled effects of prestressing and transfer systems, and provides practical design recommendations, including reinforcement configurations and construction procedures. The findings offer useful guidance for the analysis and design of similar long-span prestressed concrete structures with transfer systems.

A framework for automated vibration-based fault diagnostics of rotating machinery using supervised machine learning algorithms

Ignjatovska, Anastasija Angjusheva — 2026-09-27T00:00:00Z

Journal of Vibroengineering, (in Press).
Anastasija Angjusheva Ignjatovska, Zlatko Petreski, Dejan Shishkovski, Simona Domazetovska Markovska, Maja Anachkova, Damjan Pecioski
This study proposes a comprehensive framework for automated diagnostics of rotating machinery using vibration signals. The methodology integrates the stages of dataset selection and preparation, signal processing, feature extraction, dimensionality reduction and training and testing of supervised machine learning algorithms. The preparation of the dataset involves proposing a technique for addressing data imbalance, normalisation of the data amplitude, adjusting the sampling frequency, and calculating the actual rotational frequency. Then, appropriate signal filters are designed and applied, and a wide range of statistical and spectral features is extracted in the time and frequency domain. To address the challenges of high-dimensional feature spaces and allow transparency in identifying features with the highest level of importance in recognising machinery faults, a group-wise dimensionality reduction technique, Sequential Selection Algorithm (SSA), is proposed. The applicability of the proposed SSA technique is validated by comparing its performance with that of commonly used dimensionality reduction techniques, by testing its compatibility with supervised machine learning algorithms, and by analyzing its efficiency. In that sense, a set of models combining four dimensionality reduction techniques and four supervised machine learning algorithms is trained and tested, and their accuracy is compared.

Dynamic analysis of temperature-dependent vibration in electric drive gear transmission systems with magnetorheological fluid coupling

Zhang, Chongyang — 2026-09-27T00:00:00Z

Journal of Vibroengineering, Vol. 28, Issue 6, 2026, p. 1364-1388.
Chongyang Zhang, Zanhan Yin, Haodong Wei, Huajian Long, Ruizhi Shu, Rulong Tan
Magnetorheological fluid (MRF) coupling is commonly used in electric drive gear transmission systems (EDGTSs) due to its controllable stiffness and damping, which can enhance shock resistance and reduce system vibration. However, the vibration reduction performance of MRF coupling is affected by changes in operating temperature caused by factors such as coil thermal effects. Therefore, a mechanical-electromagnetic-thermal coupling dynamical model for EDGTS was established, including the driving motor, MRF coupling, and transmission gear. Then, comparative analysis was conducted on the variation laws of the system's coupled vibration characteristics with and without considering the operating temperature of the MRF coupling. The results show that the stiffness and damping of the MRF coupling decreased as the operating temperature increased, and their greatest reductions are 53.56 % and 33.41 % respectively when the current was 2.0 A and the operating temperature reached 90 °C. In addition, the vibration amplitude at each node of the EDGTS increased with the rise of operating temperature, and the growth rates of maximum vibration displacement amplitude range, vibration velocity root mean square (RMS) value, and maximum vibration acceleration are 27.87 %, 72 %, and 61.63 %, respectively.

Strain-rate effects and energy dissipation of frozen rocks under dynamic impact loading

Xu, Ying — 2026-10-01T00:00:00Z

Journal of Vibroengineering, (in Press).
Ying Xu, Tianxiang Deng, Chengjie Li, Ziyi Yang, Wentao Zhang, Qiangqiang Zheng, Kun Huang, Qi An
To investigate the dynamic impact response of frozen rocks, this study performed dynamic compression tests on yellow sandstone, white sandstone, and granite under various low temperatures and impact intensities using a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system, and analyzed the strength, deformation, and energy dissipation characteristics of the three rock types. The results show that low temperature significantly enhances the dynamic compressive strength of the two sandstones, with yellow sandstone being the most strongly affected by temperature. The strength of the specimens exhibits a strain rate effect. The peak stress of yellow sandstone shows a linear relationship with impact pressure and is most significantly affected by temperature, while that of white sandstone follows a quadratic growth pattern, and that of granite also shows a linear relationship. Under impact loading, the three rocks exhibit differences in energy distribution. For yellow sandstone, the proportion of reflected energy is the highest, whereas that of transmitted is energy the lowest, and the dissipated energy increases with decreasing temperature. For white sandstone, both the proportions of transmitted and dissipated energies increase as temperature decreases, and both reflected and transmitted energies show low-temperature sensitivity. For granite, the proportion of reflected energy is the lowest, energy is mainly transmitted through the specimen, and the influence of temperature is weak. The three rocks have different water absorption capacities. The water-ice phase change caused by low temperature alters the rock structure and increases the wave impedance, leading to different temperature sensitivities in energy distribution under impact loading. The low-temperature strengthening mechanism originates from the filling of pores by ice, intergranular cementation, and microcrack closure caused by differential thermal contraction of minerals. The research findings can provide a theoretical basis and experimental reference for the stability evaluation and protective engineering design of rock masses of different lithologies subjected to dynamic loads in cold regions.

Stochastic response of the Volterra integral hysteresis model via a gaussian basis function solution

Li, Yi — 2026-10-05T00:00:00Z

Journal of Vibroengineering, (in Press).
Yi Li, Gen Ge
This paper investigates the random response of hysteretic nonlinear oscillators described by the Volterra integral model, which captures material memory effects via a convolution kernel under Gaussian white noise excitation. The Gaussian basis function (GBF) approximation technique is utilized to estimate the system's steady-state probability density function (PDF). The approximately stationary probability density function is represented as a weighted sum of Gaussian basis functions in this method. The optimal weighting coefficients are determined by minimizing the residual of the stationary Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov (FPK) equation using the least squares method with Lagrange multipliers, yielding the steady-state joint probability density function. The computed results show excellent agreement with Monte Carlo simulations (MCS), confirming the accuracy and reliability of the Gaussian basis function method and demonstrating the influences of various parameters on the hysteresis loop and the system response.

Fluid-structure coupled vibration characteristics analysis of a high-pressure fuel pipe

Zhuang, Lei — 2026-10-08T00:00:00Z

Journal of Vibroengineering, (in Press).
Lei Zhuang, Yuchao Song, Jianhua Huang, Yi Wei, Guobin Li
Abnormal vibration is one of the primary causes of high-pressure fuel pipe failure. To investigate the vibration characteristics of a high-pressure fuel pipe under combined diesel engine excitation and fuel pressure pulsation, a two-way fluid–structure interaction (FSI) model was established. A comparative analysis of the dry and wet modal characteristics was first performed. Based on the prescribed diesel engine vibration displacement, the vibration responses of the high-pressure fuel pipe with and without diesel engine excitation were compared. Furthermore, the effects of different engine loads (50 %, 75 %, and 100 %) and inlet pressure levels (36, 38, 40, 42, and 44 MPa) on the vibration energy distribution were investigated through spectral analysis. The results show that the natural frequencies of the high-pressure fuel pipe decrease under fluid-structure interaction, with the frequency reduction becoming more pronounced in higher-order modes. When diesel engine excitation is considered, the peak vibration displacement decreases slightly, while the vibration attenuation rate decreases, resulting in a longer vibration response duration. As the engine load increases, the vibration displacement increases, and the spectral components near the second and fourth wet modal frequencies become more pronounced under the full-load condition. Increasing the inlet pressure also leads to a progressive increase in the spectral amplitude, particularly near the fourth wet modal frequency. These findings provide theoretical support for vibration assessment and structural optimization of marine high-pressure fuel pipes.

Damage detection of steam turbine blades using deep neural network-based acoustic fingerprint recognition

Zhang, Zhixiang — 2026-10-15T00:00:00Z

Journal of Vibroengineering, (in Press).
Zhixiang Zhang, Wenyu Gao, Yizhuo Gong, Yunhao Wang, Zun Yin, Xiaomeng Li, Damao Yang, Jin Zhou, Jun Peng
This study develops an impact-acoustic framework for classifying predefined surface-damage states on steam-turbine blades, identifying one of three damage regions, and estimating class-dependent severity parameters. Impact signals were recorded for 5 s at 22,050 Hz under controlled impact and microphone angles. After event screening, each signal was converted into a 13-coefficient W-MFCC map that combines continuous-wavelet time-frequency localization, Mel-scale subband mapping, and cepstral compression. A hybrid ResNet-50-Transformer-PANet-CMTL network was designed to extract hierarchical local features, model long-range dependencies, fuse multi-scale information, and produce conditional multi-task outputs. The dataset contained 1,200 training samples and 300 validation samples covering crack, crack-erosion, and crack-abrasion conditions in Areas 1-3. On the reported validation split, W-MFCC correctly classified 296 of 300 samples (98.67 %), compared with 89.33 % for MFCC and 87.33 % for wavelet input, and its loss curves showed more stable convergence. The full multi-scale configuration also exhibited smoother training behavior than the ResNet-50 + Transformer baseline. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of combining W-MFCC representation learning with multi-scale conditional prediction for controlled turbine-blade condition assessment.