Published: 31 December 2017

Free vibration of square plate with temperature effect

Amit Sharma1
1Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, India
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Abstract

In modern engineering, researchers/scientists are very keen to know first few modes of vibration because it provides how system/structure behaves under vibration. In this paper, author computed the natural vibration of non homogeneous tapered square plate. Here tapered means that plate’s thickness varies linearly along x-axis. Here non homogeneity arises in the plate’s material due to simultaneous variation in density (circular variation) and Poisson’s ratio (exponential variation). Temperature variation on the plate is viewed bi-parabolic along the axes. Rayleigh-Ritz technique is applied to obtain the frequency equation and vibrational frequency modes under different combination of parameters. The findings of the papers are presented in tabular form.

1. Introduction

The vibrational phenomena (wanted or unwanted) in mechanical structure or in engineering are very much common. Excess amount of vibrations causes the loss of energy and some time down the performance of system. In order to improve structure design or increase the performance, we have to control the vibration.

In these directions, non homogeneous tapered plates with plays an essential role because of their high tensile strength, durability and elastic behaviour. Since almost all engineering structures (machines, mechanical structures) works under huge temperature, therefore to make trust worthy design, it is also essential to know vibration under temperature effect. A quite significant work has been reported on non homogeneous (linear and exponential variation in density or Poisson’s ratio) tapered plate (linear, parabolic and exponential variation in thickness in one or two dimension) with temperature effect (linear of parabolic in one or two dimension). But negligible work is done on simultaneous variation of density and Poisson’s ratio (as non homogeneity effect).

Leissa [1] presented plate’s vibration of different shapes on different boundary conditions in his excellent monograph. Jain and Soni [2] studied free vibration of rectangular plates with parabolic variation in thickness. The transverse vibration of a rectangular plate with thickness variation in both the directions is presented by Singh and Sexena [3]. Lal and Dhanpati [4] provided the effect of non homogeneity on the vibration of orthotropic rectangular plates of varying thickness resting on Pasternak foundation. Vibrational analysis of non homogeneous orthotropic visco elastic rectangular plate of parabolically varying thickness with temperature effect is given by Singhal and Gupta [5]. Sharma and Sharma [6] presented a mathematical modeling of vibration on parallelogram plate with non homogeneity effect. Sharma et al. [7] studied the vibration of non homogeneous square plate with thermal effect. Sharma et al. [8] presented mathematical model on frequency of rectangular plate with circular variation in Poisson’s ratio. Mathematical study of vibration on non homogeneous parallelogram plate with temperature is provided by Sharma et al. [9]. Khanna and Kaur [10] studied the effect of simultaneous variation (exponential variation) in density and Poisson’s ratio with linear temperature effect on vibration. Khanna and Singhal [11] gave effect of plate’s parameters on vibration of isotropic tapered rectangular plate with different boundary conditions. Kalita, Shivakoti, Ghadai and Haldar [12, 13] presented two interesting companion papers which showed the effect of rotary inertia on dynamic behavior of rectangular plates. Gupta and Sharma [14] studied vibrational frequency of non homogeneous trapezoidal plates with temperature effect. Sharma et al. [15] analysed the free vibration of tapered square plate with circular variation in Poisson’s ratio.

The present paper describes the effect of simultaneous variation in density and Poisson’s ratio (as non homogeneity effect) to vibrational frequency. Authors also show the effect of circular variation in density (as a new interesting aspect) and parabolic variation in temperature to the frequency modes.

2. Analysis

The differential equation for plate is:

1
2Mxx2+22Mxyxy+2Myy2=ρh2ϕt2,

where:

2
Mx=-D12ϕx2+ν2ϕy2,
My=-D12ϕy2+ν2ϕx2,
Mxy=-D11-ν2ϕxy.

Substitute Eq. (2) in Eq. (1), we get:

3
D14ϕx4+24ϕx2y2+4ϕy4+2νx22ϕy2+2D1x3ϕx3+3ϕxy2+νx2ϕy2
+2D1y3ϕy3+3ϕyx2-νx2ϕxy+2D1x22ϕx2+ν2ϕy2+2D1y22ϕy2+ν2ϕx2
+21-ν2D1xy2ϕxy+ρh2ϕt2=0.

For solution of Eq. (3), we can take:

4
ϕx,y,t=Φx,y*Tt.

Using Eq. (4), Eq. (3) becomes:

5
TD14Φx4+24Φx2y2+4Φy4+2νx22Φy2+2D1x3Φx3+3Φxy2+νx2Φy2
+2D1y3Φy3+3Φyx2-νx2Φxy+2D1x22Φx2+ν2Φy2
+2D1y22Φy2+ν2Φx2+21-ν2D1xy2Φxy+ρlΦ2Tt2=0.

Separate the variable using variable separable technique, we get:

6
D14Φx4+24Φx2y2+4Φy4+2νx22Φy2+2D1x3Φx3+3Φxy2+νx2Φy2+2D1y3Φy3+3Φyx2-νx2Φxy+2D1x22Φx2+ν2Φy2+2D1y22Φy2+ν2Φx2+21-ν2D1xy2ΦxyρhΦ
=-1T2Tt2=p2say.

Taking first and last expression of Eq. (6), we get

7
D14Φx4+24Φx2y2+4Φy4+2νx22Φy2+2D1x3Φx3+3Φxy2+νx2Φy2
+2D1y3Φy3+3Φyx2-νx2Φxy+2D1x22Φx2+ν2Φy2+2D1y22Φy2+ν2Φx2
+21-ν2D1xy2Φxy-ρp2hΦ=0.

Eq. (7) represents the differential equation for tapered non homogeneous plate. Here D1=Yh3/121-ν2 represent flexural rigidity of the plate.

Due to the consideration of non-homogeneity in the material, the expression of density of the plate (circular variation in one dimension) and Poisson’s ratio (exponential variation in one dimension) is given by:

8
ρ=ρ01+m11-1-x2a2,

where m1, 0m1<1 is non-homogeneity constant:

9
ν=ν0em2xa,

where m2, 0m2<1 is another non-homogeneity constant.

Due to consideration of non-uniformity in the plate, the expression for thickness (linear variation in one dimension) is expressed as [8]:

10
h=h01+βxa,

where β, 0β1is known as tapering parameter.

It is also taken into account that, temperature variation on the plate along axes is bi parabolic. Therefore, the expression for temperature is expressed as [8]:

11
τ=τ01-xa21-ya2,

where τ and τ0 are known as temperature above the mentioned temperature at any point on the plate and at the origin i.e., x=y=0. For engineering material modulus of elasticity is:

12
Y=Y01-γτ,

where Y0 is Young’s modulus at τ=0 and γ is known as slope of variation.

Substitute Eq. (11) in Eq. (12), we have:

13
Y=Y01-α1-xa21-ya2,

where α=γτ0, 0α1 is known as temperature gradient.

On using Eqs. (9), (10) and Eq. (13), flexural rigidity of the plate becomes:

14
D1=Y0h031-α1-xa21-ya21+βxa3121-ν02e2m2xa.

Here we computed vibrational frequency on clamped plate. Therefore, boundary conditions of the plate are:

15
Φ=Φx=0, at x=0, a and Φ=Φy=0, at y=0, a.

The two term deflection function that satisfies Eq. (15) could be:

16
Φx,y=xaya1-xa1-ya2C1+C2xaya1-xa1-ya.

3. Solution for frequency equation

We use Rayleigh-Ritz technique (i.e., maximum strain energy Vs must equal to maximum kinetic energy Ts) to solve the frequency equation, therefore we have:

17
δVs-Ts=0.

Here expression for Vs and Ts is given by:

18
Vs=120a0aD12Φx22+2Φy22+2ν 2Φx22Φy2+21-ν2Φxy2dydx,
19
Ts=12p20a0aρ h Φ2 dydx.

Using X=x/a and Y=y/a as two non dimensional variable in Eqs. (18) and (19), we get:

20
Vs*=Y0h0324a201011-α1-X21-Y21+βX31-ν02e2m2X
2ΦX22+2ΦY22+2ν0em2X 2ΦX22ΦY2+21-ν0em2X2ΦXY2dYdX,
21
Ts*=12a2p2ρ0h001011+m11-1-X2 1+βX Φ2 dYdX.

By using Eqs. (20), (21), Eqs. (17) becomes:

22
δVs*-λ2Ts*=0,

where λ2=12ρ0a4p2/Y0h02 is the frequency parameter. Eq. (22) has two unknown constants C1 and C2 because of deflection Φ(x,y). These can be evaluated by:

23
CnVs*-λ2Ts*=0, n=1,2.

After simplifying Eq. (23), we get a homogeneous system of equation as:

24
d11d12d21d22C1C2=00,

where d11, d12=d21 and d22 involves parametric constant and frequency parameter. In order to get frequency equation, the determinant of coefficient matrix of Eq. (24) must vanish. Therefore, we have:

25
d11d12d21d22=0.

On solving Eq. (25) we get two frequency modes as λ1 (first mode) and λ2 (second mode).

4. Results and discussions

Vibrational frequency modes for non homogeneous and tapered square plate are calculated for different values of temperature gradient α, non homogeneity constants m1,m2 and tapering parameter β. All the calculations are presented in the form of tables.

Table 1 provides the frequency modes corresponding to non homogeneity (Poisson’s ratio) keeping density parameter to be zero, for three different values of temperature and thickness parameter of the plate. From the Table 1, we conclude that frequency increases when non homogeneity varies from 0 to 1 for all the three values. On the other hand, when combined value of thickness and temperature increases from 0 to 0.8, frequency also increases.

Table 1Frequency vs non homogeneity corresponding to Poisson’s ratio

m2
m1= 0
β=α= 0.0
β=α= 0.4
β=α=0.8
λ1
λ2
λ1
λ2
λ1
λ2
0.0
38.32
149.97
42.53
166.66
46.13
182.22
0.2
38.89
152.24
43.24
169.65
46.92
185.91
0.4
39.67
155.34
44.23
173.86
48.06
191.26
0.6
40.74
159.66
45.62
179.95
49.69
199.17
0.8
42.23
165.84
47.62
188.91
52.06
211.08
1.0
44.33
174.83
50.46
202.29
55.47
229.15

Table 2 shows the frequency of vibration corresponding to non homogeneity (density parameter) by keeping Poisson’s ratio to be zero for all the three values of temperature and thickness as in Table 1. It is interesting to see that vibrational frequency decreases (with small rate of decrement) for all the three values due to circular variation. When, the combined value of temperature and thickness of plate increases from 0 to 0.8, frequency modes increases (with small rate of decrement as compared to table 1) due to circular variation in density.

Table 3 gives the frequency modes corresponding to temperature gradient (by keeping density parameter to be zero) for three values of non homogeneity and tapering parameter. Frequency modes decrease as temperature on the plate increases from 0 to 0.8. When the combined value of non homogeneity (Poisson’s ratio) and thickness of the plate increases from 0.2 to 0.8, vibrational frequency increases.

Table 2Frequency vs non homogeneity corresponding to density

m1
m2= 0
β=α= 0.0
β=α= 0.4
β=α= 0.8
λ1
λ2
λ1
λ2
λ1
λ2
0.0
38.32
149.97
42.53
166.66
46.13
182.22
0.2
37.75
147.42
41.88
163.66
45.44
178.80
0.4
37.20
144.99
41.26
160.81
44.73
175.56
0.6
36.67
142.69
40.66
158.12
44.08
172.50
0.8
36.17
140.49
40.09
155.56
43.45
169.60
1.0
35.69
138.40
39.55
153.13
42.85
166.85

Table 3Frequency vs thermal gradient

α
m1= 0
β=m2= 0.2
β=m2= 0.4
β=m2= 0.8
λ1
λ2
λ1
λ2
λ1
λ2
0.0
42.97
168.25
48.36
189.63
62.42
247.53
0.2
41.08
160.91
46.35
181.92
60.05
238.92
0.4
39.09
153.22
44.23
173.86
57.56
230.01
0.6
36.98
145.13
41.98
165.43
54.91
220.74
0.8
34.71
136.57
39.57
156.54
52.06
211.08

Table 4 also provides the frequency modes corresponding to temperature gradient (by keeping Poisson’s ratio to be zero) for the three values of non homogeneity (density parameter) and thickness of the plate. Like Table 3, frequency mode decreases when the temperature on the plate increases from 0 to 0.8. But here, frequency for both modes is lesser as compared to Table 3 because of circular variation in density. Also, the frequency mode increases when the combined value of non homogeneity (density) and thickness of the plate increases from 0.2 to 0.8. Here also rate of increment is smaller as compared to Table 3 due to circular variation in density parameter.

Table 4Frequency vs thermal gradient

α
m2= 0
m1=β= 0.2
m1=β=0.4
m1=β=0.8
λ1
λ2
λ1
λ2
λ1
λ2
0.0
41.66
162.66
45.13
175.74
52.23
202.28
0.2
39.82
155.51
43.25
168.44
50.22
194.61
0.4
37.89
148.02
41.26
160.81
48.10
186.64
0.6
35.84
140.13
39.15
152.81
45.86
178.32
0.8
33.64
131.78
36.90
144.38
43.45
169.60

5. Conclusions

From the present study, authors drag the attentions of the readers on two important aspects. Firstly, effect of simultaneous variation of density and Poisson’s ratio (as non homogeneity) to vibrational frequency. Secondly, effect of circular variation (as a new interesting aspects) in density to vibration. Circular variation in density provides lesser frequency or lesser rate of increment/decrement in frequency modes as shown in Table 3 and Table 4. When Poisson ratio varies exponentially the frequency modes increases. But when density parameter varies circularly, the frequency mode decreases as shown in Table 1 and Table 2.

References

  • Leissa A. W. Vibration of Plates. NASS-SP, 1969.
  • Jain R. K., Soni S. R. Free vibration of rectangular plates of parabolically varying thickness. Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Vol. 4, 1973, p. 267-277.
  • Singh B., Sexena V. Transverse vibration of a rectangular plate with bidirectional thickness variation. Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 198, Issue 1, 1996, p. 51-65.
  • Lal R., Dhanpati Effect of non-homogeneity on the vibration of orthotropic rectangular plates of varying thickness resting on pasternak foundation. Journal of Vibration and Acoustic, Vol. 131, 2009, p. 1-9.
  • Singhal P., Gupta A. K. Vibrational analysis of non-homogeneous orthotropic visco-elastic rectangular plate of parabolically varying thickness with thermal effect. International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration, Vol. 21, Issue 2, 2016, p. 178-183.
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  • Kalita K., Shivakoti I., Ghadai R. K., Haldar S. Rotary inertial effect in isotropic plate I: uniform thickness. Romanian Journal of Acoustics and Vibration, Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2016, p. 68-74.
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About this article

Received
10 October 2017
Accepted
13 December 2017
Published
31 December 2017
Keywords
square plate
circular variation
parabolic temperature
free vibration