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Use of fragility curves to assess the seismic vulnerability of soft rock tunnels: a review
By Joel Sam
Due to their distinct geotechnical and structural features, soft rock tunnels pose serious issues because of their seismic sensitivity. These tunnels, often constructed in formations with lower shear strength and higher deformability, are particularly susceptible to damage during earthquakes. Fragility curves, which graphically represent the probability that a structure may sustain damage up to or beyond a particular threshold as a function of seismic intensity, are essential tools for evaluating the seismic resilience of these infrastructures. This research looks closely at the use of fragility curves to assess the seismic vulnerability of soft rock tunnels. Exploring the fundamental concepts and methodologies involved in constructing fragility curves, including seismic hazard analysis, structural modeling, damage state definition, data collection and statistical analysis is looked at first. The review highlighted the integration of soft rock characteristics such as strength and deformation properties into the fragility assessment process. Key developments in the topic are covered such as how machine learning and Bayesian inference might improve the precision and usefulness of fragility curves. The paper identified key findings such as the high sensitivity of fragility curves to geotechnical properties and seismic intensity levels and emphasized the importance of accurate data collection and model calibration. Important gaps in seismic risk evaluations are filled by integrating cutting-edge methodologies, such as Bayesian inference and real-time machine learning models that clarify the seismic behaviour of soft rock tunnels in the real world. For the purpose of strengthening earthquake-resistant infrastructure in earthquake-prone areas, engineers, scholars and policymakers are given practical insights.
February 14, 2025
Vibration Engineering
Research Article
A review of artificial intelligence techniques in blast field shockwave pressure testing
Ammunition explosion shockwave pressure is an important war technology indicator to evaluate the explosive damage power of ammunition, and it is of great significance to accurately obtain the law of shockwave pressure distribution to evaluate and guide the design of ammunition. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, researchers have applied artificial intelligence technologies such as neural networks, machine learning, deep learning, big data and large models to shock wave pressure testing, pressure field distribution reconstruction and explosion damage assessment, greatly improving the working bandwidth of the measurement system, the accuracy of calculation results and the efficiency of damage assessment under current test conditions. This study summarizes the application of the above methods in the explosion shock wave pressure measurement and the relevant achievements, discusses the shortcomings of the current research, puts forward the problems that should be analyzed in the follow-up research, and points out the direction of the follow-up research.
May 11, 2025
Informatics
Research Article
Influence of dynamic behavior of excavator steel structure on correction of human vibrations: operator cabin case study
In this paper, the investigation and the influence of the dynamic behavior of the structure of the structural part on the correction of human vibrations of the cabin of the unloading boom of a bucket wheel excavator are performed. Diagnostic analysis using the finite element method influenced the reconstruction of the local part of the structure to increase the first natural frequency of the given structure, i.e. to reduce the human vibrations of the unloading boom booth. This way, the lifespan of structural parts is extended, but also the health of the operator and better working conditions are affected. By monitoring the state of human vibrations in a certain time interval, before and after the reconstruction, this correct approach was proven
May 6, 2025
Vibration Engineering
Research Article
Reduced-order modeling of digital twins for a high-voltage circuit breaker
The dynamic characteristics of operating mechanisms are of great significance to the reliability of high-voltage circuit breakers (HVCBs). To achieve dynamic analysis and optimization design of HVCBs, this paper presents a reduced-order digital twin model for a 252 kV HVCB under the OpenModelica simulation platform. To validate the effectiveness of the model, simulated closing and opening stroke curves are compared with experimental results, demonstrating the high efficiency and accuracy of the reduced-order digital twin model. Furthermore, a simulation analysis is performed to examine the mechanical dynamics of the HVCB under potential fault conditions, such as abnormal spring driving force. The analysis reveals that a reduction in the preload of the closing spring slows the operating mechanism’s movement, increases closing time, and may even cause closing failure. Similarly, a decrease in the preload of the opening spring reduces the moving contact’s speed, prolongs the opening time, and may result in opening failure. The proposed digital twin modeling method offers designers a systematic method for quantifying the dynamic responses of HVCBs.
May 6, 2025
Informatics
Research Article
Reliability and structural integrity evaluation of rotating machinery: a case study on turbo-compressors with ANSYS workbench
Testbeds are essential structures in industrial labs for conducting machine testing, where the geometry and material properties play a critical role. These tests often use rotating equipment, such as turbines and turbo-compressors (TC). In order to achieve the best possible conditions, testbeds are created using ANSYS Workbench, which incorporates four mechanical procedures: modal, static, harmonic, and transient analyses. Simulations are used to reproduce attributes such as natural frequency, safety factor, and the highest and lowest levels of mechanical stress. This paper describes a quick way to check if the structure of a turbo-compressor is vibrated, by looking at things like its natural frequency, safety factor, and maximum mechanical stress. This study covers unknown factors and uncertainties by analyzing the operational states of the compressor. To achieve this, a reliability structure model and engineering methods like modal analysis for controlling vibrations, structural analysis to ensure the rotor rotates steadily, transient structural analysis to determine the appropriate startup conditions, and harmonic response analysis to determine how speeds change over time, are used to prevent to natural frequencies from interacting with operational frequencies, finally, transient analysis demonstrates initial shock and vibrations that result maximum stress.
May 6, 2025
Applied Physics
Latest from engineering
Research Article
An ensemble model with convolutional neural network by DS evidence fusion for bearing fault diagnosis
Bearing fault diagnosis is crucial for ensuring the safety and reliability of rotating machinery. In recent years, artificial intelligence technology based on machine learning has made substantial progress in the field of bearing fault diagnosis. Most existing models for bearing fault diagnosis are built using big data and deep learning algorithms and can achieve high diagnostic accuracy with sufficient fault data. However, there still exist two open issues, 1) in practical engineering, acquiring fault sample data is challenging, and it is difficult to obtain a sufficient number of samples to train the hyperparameters of deep learning models. 2) Fault diagnosis models based on individual classifiers rely heavily on prior knowledge for signal feature extraction and the selection of network structures and parameters, making it difficult to guarantee the model’s effectiveness. This paper proposes an integrated diagnostic model called DS-ELM that employs multiple extreme learning machine modules with different parameters as subclassifiers. The outputs of these modules are then fused via DS evidence fusion theory to obtain the final diagnostic result. This ensemble model has better flexibility and robustness which significantly improves the accuracy and stability of the diagnostic model. Overall, the proposed DS-ELM provides a new solution for bearing fault diagnosis. In addition, the superiority of the reported technique is confirmed via experimental bearing fault data from Case Western Reserve University.
May 6, 2025
Applied Mathematics
Research Article
Feature data analysis of dance movements by motion capture
Motion capture technology has been applied in more and more fields, but the research in the field of dance is relatively rare. In order to combine motion capture technology with dance research, better understand the characteristics of dance movements, and provide support for their digital analysis, this paper mainly studied the application of a motion capture technology called Kinect in the analysis of dance movement feature data. The skeleton data of different dance movements was first collected based on Kinect v2, and then the collected data was analyzed using a spatio-temporal graph convolutional network (ST-GCN). On the basis of the original ST-GCN, the multi-branch structure was adopted to realize co-occurrence feature learning, and the bone length feature and direction feature were introduced to further enrich the feature data. Experiments were carried out on the NTU RGB+D and dance datasets. It was found that the improved ST-GCN had better performance than other current motion classification approaches on the NTU RGB+D. The top-1 accuracy for cross-subject (CS) and cross-view (CV) was 92.4 % and 96.7 %, respectively, and the average accuracy of different dance movements for the dance dataset was 96.035. The findings confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach in the analysis of dance movement feature data, and it can be applied in the actual research of dance movements.
May 6, 2025
Applied Physics
Research Article
High-entropy alloys in wire arc additive manufacturing: a review
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have emerged as a promising class of materials due to their exceptional mechanical properties, thermal stability, and corrosion resistance. The application of HEAs in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) presents new opportunities for large-scale component fabrication with customized material properties. This paper reviews recent developments in WAAM processing of HEAs, focusing on the influence of process parameters on microstructure evolution, mechanical performance, and potential industrial applications. Challenges such as segregation, porosity, and residual stresses are also discussed, along with strategies for optimizing HEA properties through alloy design and process control. Furthermore, the potential industrial applications of WAAM-fabricated HEAs in aerospace, marine, and energy sectors are highlighted, demonstrating their relevance in high-performance environments. The insights presented in this review contribute to a deeper understanding of WAAM-based HEAs, guiding future research toward process optimization and industrial adoption.
May 6, 2025
Informatics
Research Article
Experimental study of the effect of the cell size honeycomb core on the impedance of single-layer SAS
The study of the acoustic characteristics of sound-absorbing structures (SAS) seems to be an urgent task aimed at solving the problem of noise both in the cabin of aircraft and aircraft engine noise. Results of experimental study of the effect of the size of the cell edges of a fiberglass honeycomb core and the degree of perforation on the acoustic characteristics of single-layer sound-absorbing structures are presented. Tests of samples of sound-absorbing structures were performed on an interferometer type installation with a normal incidence of sound waves. The dependence of the acoustic characteristics of SAS on the size of the edge of the honeycomb filler is shown, in connection with the overlap of the holes of the perforated sheet of SAS with the edges of the honeycomb block. The dependence of the resonant frequency and the efficiency of the structure on the diameter of the holes of the perforated sheet are shown.
April 13, 2025
Public Health
Recently published
Research article
February 19, 2025
Modal and optimization analysis of a 12-degree-of-freedom engine mount system considering engine elasticity
By Mingzhong Wu, Zhihong Lin, Liji Su
Recently published
Research article
February 18, 2025
Development of CCUS value chain scenarios in northern Poland
By Adam Wójcicki
73rd International Conference on VIBROENGINEERING
Vibration Processes and Systems in Engineering and Industry
Date
September 25-28, 2025
Submission deadline
August 31, 2025
Conference format
Hybrid
Best of engineering
Editor's pick
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January 19, 2025
Study on vortex-induced vibration response of large-scale two-lay steel trusses bridge under large wind angle of attack
By Jialin Yao, Huanhuan Li, Yang Yang, Dawu Wang, Hui Yu
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December 30, 2024
Enhancing technical proposal evaluation in consultant selection in Department of Water Resources and Irrigation, Nepal: a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy TOPSIS
By Nischal Silwal, Subash Kumar Bhattarai, Dinesh Sukamani
Editor's pick
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October 10, 2024
Optimal trajectory control for the yaw system vibration and crawling jitter of a wind turbine
By Tingrui Liu, Qinghu Cui, Dan Xu
Editor's pick
Research article
September 8, 2024
Study on dynamic characteristics and wind-vibration control of transmission tower considering local damage and destruction
By Chen Chen, Liang Zhang, Kai Niu, Mengqi Zhai, Fengkai Han, Kunjie Rong, Li Tian
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Research Article
A conversion guide: solar irradiance and lux illuminance
By Peter R. Michael, Danvers E. Johnston, Wilfrido Moreno
The standard for measuring solar irradiance utilizes the units of watts per meter squared (W/m2). Irradiance meters are both costly and limited in the ability to measure low irradiance values. With a lower cost and higher sensitivity in low light conditions, light meters measure luminous flux per unit area (illuminance) utilizing the units of lumens per meter squared or lux (lx). An effective conversion factor between W/m2 and lx would enable the use of light meters to evaluate photovoltaic performance under low solar irradiance conditions. A survey of the literature found no definitive and readily available “rule of thumb” conversion standard between solar irradiance and illuminance. Easy-to-find Internet sources contain conflicting and widely varying values ranging from 688449 to 21000 lx for 1000 W/m2 (1 Sun) of solar irradiance. Peer-reviewed literature contains Luminous Efficacy equivalent values ranging from 21 to 131 lx per W/m2. This manuscript explores the relationship and establishes a theoretical and laboratory measurement guide for the conversion between solar irradiance and illuminance. The conversion factor includes standards data, equipment calibration accuracy, and uncertainty estimates. Solar Irradiance of 1 Sun (1000 W/m2) for an LED-based solar simulator is (116 ± 3) klx and (122 ± 1) klx for outdoor sunlight.
December 4, 2020
Applied Physics
Most downloaded
Research Article
Design and calculation of double arm suspension of a car
By David Jebaraj B, Sharath Prasanna R
Suspension system is one of the challenging portions in designing a vehicle. The complete stability of the vehicle under dynamic conditions depends on the suspension system of the vehicle. Suspension system of a vehicle is interlinked with other systems such as steering, Wheels and Brakes. The main objective of this document is to provide complete guidance in designing and calculation of an independent suspension system with double control arms. The required parameters are calculated on considering a prototype vehicle with gross weight of 350 kg such as required stiffness of shock absorbers, Ride frequency, Motion ratio, Coefficient of damping etc. A CADD model was made with CATIA v5 r20 and SOLIDWORKS on the basis of calculations obtained and stress analysis was carried out for this model in various software such as Ansys. The complete assembled model was tested in LOTUS Shark and the result was obtained.
June 30, 2020
Industrial Engineering
Modal finite element analysis of PCBs and the role of material anisotropy
Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are epoxy resin-impregnated and cured sheets of counter woven glass fabric (e.g. FR4) laminated between thin sheets of Copper. The nature of the PCB is inherently anisotropic and inhomogeneous but previous modal FEMs of PCBs have assumed isotropic, anisotropic (transversely isotropic and orthotropic) material properties and shown good correlation with test data for specific scenarios [1-3]. This paper details part of a research program aimed at gaining a better understanding of accurately modeling PCB’s dynamic behavior. New investigations into the impact of material anisotropy and, in particular, the effect of material orthogonal plane definition (Ex and Ey) on eigenfrequencies is analysed. A modal FEM of a JEDEC PCB is created, verified, and validated using well established theories by Steinberg and empirical data by others [4, 5]. The relative contributions of Ex, Ey and Ez on PCB eigenfrequencies is examined using a parametric modal FEM, analysing the role of material isotropy verses anisotropy. The impact of transversely isotropic material properties is also analysed for a typical JEDEC PCB. This analysis details the mesh density required for accurately modeling the PCB eigenfrequencies. The results show that a 100 % increase in Ez has only a 0.2 % difference in the eigenfrequency where as a 100 % increase in Ey has a 1.2 % difference in the eigenfrequency. The effect of orthotropic plane definition (alternating Ex with Ey) on the JEDEC PCB amount to a 7.95 % delta in eigenfrequency.
Coilgun design and evaluation without capacitor
Capacitors with high voltage and capacity values are used in most induction coilguns that are designed and constructed. The fact that capacitors are quite bulky and slow in energy transfer and how a coilgun can be made without using capacitors is the study subject of this article. Two and four coil gun samples were made to find the essential components of an electric gun, and the results are reported in this article. The accuracy of the results is also confirmed by FEMM analysis for these models. The harmony of experimental and theoretical results shows that smaller and low cost portable electrical weapons can be a powerful alternative to firearms in the future.
