Published: 13 December 2018

Comparison of natural frequencies of isotropic plate using DSM with Wittrick-Williams algorithm

Manish Chauhan1
Vinayak Ranjan2
Baij Nath Singh3
1, 2, 3Bennett University, Greater Noida, India
3Indian Institute of Technology (IIT-ISM), Dhanbad, India
Corresponding Author:
Manish Chauhan
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Abstract

In this paper, comparison of natural undamped frequencies of isotropic plates are investigated by using the dynamics stiffness element for isotropic plates. The DS Matrix for isotropic has been formulated by the application of classical plate theory. The generalized DS matrix has to solve by using Wittrick-Williams algorithm. Results of different aspect ratio have been validated from the existing literature.

1. Introduction

Pure metals have limited applicability in engineering applications because of the requirement of the inconsistent property of materials. In engineering, materials may be required to be hard as well as ductile. To solve this requirement, there is no such material that exists in nature. The combination of one metal (in molten state) with another parent metal or non-metals is required to solve the engineering problem [1]. Another advanced material which is formed by the combination of one or more than one material with different physical and chemical properties in solid states are called composite material The properties of the composite material are better than the individual parent materials [2]. In this article, we study the comparison of the natural frequency of isotropic plate using DSM and FEM. DSM provides very accurate results without depending on the number of elements in the nodal analysis and it is another effective method to the FEM [3]. Boscolo and Banerjee [4] studied about the free vibration analysis of homogeneous isotropic plates. In this paper, we present the comparison of nondimensional natural frequency of plate using DSM from the literature survey. We have used CPT on DSM formulation to derive the dynamic stiffness matrix. Wittrick-Williams algorithm [5] has to solve the transcendental nature of element with find out the nondimensional frequencies of the structure. We show that the natural frequencies are more accurate than available literature and set a standard value for comparison purpose.

2. Theory

2.1. Model development for functionally graded plates

The isotropic plate system has taken in this paper consist of the flexible square plate has different boundary condition at all edges, which are not movable in the neutral surface. CPT and Wittrick-Williams algorithm is described as the displacement field of plate surfaces are brief summaries below.

The Cartesian coordinate system (x, y, z), of the isotropic plate, is fixed as represented in Fig. 1 plate’s thickness is h. We assumed that the harmonic distributed force per unit area, f1cos(ωt) in the z direction. uo(x, y, z), vo(x, y, z), and wo(x, y, z) are the displacement component of an arbitrary point of the plane of the plate in x, y, and z direction, respectively.

Fig. 1Cartesian coordinate of displacement field of a isotropic plate

Cartesian coordinate of displacement field of a isotropic plate

2.2. Classical plate theory (CPT)

The displacement component of an isotropic plate is uo(x, y, z), vo(x, y, z), and wo(x, y, z) by using classical plate theory, shown in Fig. 1, are given by [4]:

1
uox,y,z=u'x,y-zw'x, vox,y,z=v'x,y-zw'y, wox,y,z=w'x,y.

In the above expression, the index (') consider the displacement component of the plate geometric. The mid-surface displacement, uo(x,y) and vo(x,y) of a thin homogenous isotropic place can be neglected. The only unknown in the transverse displacement wo is considered in Eq. (1).

Hamilton’s principle has to investigate the nondimensional natural frequency of isotopic plate using the fourth order differential equation of a plate with different boundary conditions:

2
Deff4w'x4+24w'x2y2+4w'y4+ρh4w't4=0.

The BCs are1:

3
Vx:-Deff3w'x3+2-υ3w'xy2δw', Mxx:-Deff2w'x2+υ2w'y2δy,

where Deff=ϵh3/121-υ2 is the flexural stiffness, ϵ is the property of the material called Young’s modulus, h the plate thickness, and ρ is the density of the material.

2.3. DSM formulation

For DSM formulation the first basic concept is to solve the fourth order differential Eq. (2) of the Isotropic plate. The levy-type [6] boundary condition for exact solution is sought. An isotropic plate has given as simply supported (SS) on two sides and remaining sides can be fixed (F) or clamped (C) The basic formulation of the Eq. (2) which satisfied the boundary condition in following form:

4
w'(x,y,t)=m=1Wm(x)eiωtsinmy, m=mπL, m=1,2,

where ω is the unknow frequency. The fourth order ordinary differential equation is to be obtained by substituting Eq. (4) into Eq. (2) as follows:

5
d4Wmdx4-2m2d2Wmdx2+m4-ρhω2DeffWm=0, m=1,2,,.

The solution of the above quadratic equation determined by applying a trail solution [4]. For solving the differential equation, the two solutions are possible which is to rely depend on the roots:

• Condition 1: m2ωI0Deff all roots are real (1m,-1m,2m,-2m):

6
1m=m2+ωI0Deff, 2m=m2-ωI0Deff.

The solution is:

7
Wmx=Amcosh1mx+Bmsinh1mx+Cmcosh2mx+Dmsinh2mx.

• Condition 2: m2<ωI0Deff different roots are (1m,-1m,i2m,-i2m):

1m=m2+ ωI0Deff, 2m=-m2+ ωI0Deff.

The solution is:

8
Wmx=Amcosh1mx+Bmsinh1mx- Cmcosh2mx+Dmsinh2mx.

Method to solve DS matrix for case 1 is explain below and similarly to solve in second case but is not show for brevity.

In (Eqs. (6) and (4)), the known displacement, the rotation φy, moment Mxx and shear force Vx explain in the following form Eq. (3):

9
ϕymx,y=ϕymxsin(my)=-(Am1msinh1mx
+Bm1mcosh1mx-Cm2msinh2mx+Dm2mcosh(2mx))sin(my),
10
Vxmx,y=Vxmxsin(my)=Deff((Am(1m3-(2-υ)m21msinh1mx
+Bm(1m3-(2-υ)m21mcosh1mx
+Cm(2m3-(2-υ)m22msinh2mx
+Dm(2m3(2- υ)m22m)cosh2mx)sin(my)
11
Mxxmx,y=Mxxmxsin(my)=-DeffAm1m2-υm2cosh1mx+Bm1m2- υm2sinh1mx
+Cm (2m2+υm2))cos2mx-Dm(2m2υm2)sin2mx)sin(my).

The displacements boundary condition for the plate are:

12
x=0, Wm=W1, ϕym=ϕy1,
x=b, Wm=W2, ϕym=ϕy2.

Similarly, the boundary condition for the forces are:

13
x=0, Vxm=-V1, Mxxm=-M1,
x=b, Vxm=-V2, Mxxm=M2.

From Fig. 2, we are implementing the different BCs, i.e. putting Eq. (12) in to Eqs. (6) and (9), the following expression is forming:

14
W1ϕy1W2ϕy1 =10100-1m0-2mCh1Sh1Ch2Sh2-1mSh1-1mCh1-1mSh2-1mCh1AmBmCmDm,

i.e.:

15
δ=AC,

where:

16
Ch1=cosh(imb), Sh1=sinh(imb),
Ci=cos(imb), Si=sin(imb), i=1,2.

The BCs for forces, i.e. putting in Eq. (13) into Eqs. (10) and (11), the following matrix has formed:

17
V1M1V2M2 =0R10R2L10L10-R1Sh1-R1Ch1-R1Sh2-R1Ch2-L1Ch1-L1Sh1-L2Ch1-L2Sh2AmBmCmDm,

i.e.:

18
F=RC,

where:

19
Ri=Deffim3-2im2-ν, Li=Deffim2-2ν,

where i= 1, 2.

From Eqs. (15) and (18) the DS matrix K for the isotropic plate can be obtained and BE leave out the constant factor C to get:

20
F=Kδ,

where:

21
K=RA-1.

From the general expression Eq. (21) to form DS matrix which is similar to six variable terms svv, svm, smm, fvv, fvm, fmm this variable terms describe the effect on shear and moment reason of displacement put on the “same” (s) nodal line, and the “far” nodal line. Thus, the dynamic stiffness matrix (K) expressed in following way:

22
K=svv svmfvvfvmsmm-fvmfmmSymsvv -svmsmm.

2.4. Algorithm used for the DSM element

The global DS matrix for natural frequency of plate is to obtain by using Wittrick-Williams algorithm [5]. Due to nonlinear behavior of dynamic stiffness element, to drive frequency determinant is excessive difficult. Wittrick and Williams algorithm [5] must be used to solving this problem and ensures that there are no frequencies missed out of the structure:

23
ϖ=ωa2ρchDc.

3. Numerical results

The numerical results of the DSM formulation have been inserted in a MATLAB and to find the frequencies and mode shape of the structure. This part is to analysis the natural frequencies of the isotropic plate by using DSM with CPT based on Levi-type BCs to the available literature Leissa [7] values.

The natural frequencies of simple supported (SS) isotropic plates are shown in Table 1, and Table 2. The four different edge boundary condition are applying as notification SS-F-SS C.

Table 1Non-dimensional natural frequencies (ϖ=ωa2 ρch/Dc for SS-F-SS-F plate

S-F-S-F
a/b
ν= 0
ν= 0.3
ν= 0.5
mn
0.4
Present
Ref [10]
Present
Ref [10]
Present
Ref [10]
1 1
9.8696
9.8696
9.7600
9·7600
9.4506
9·4506
2 1
39.4784
39.4784
39.2386
39.2387
38.3771
38.3771
1 1
1
9.8696
9.8696
9.6313
9.6314
9.0792
9.0793
2 1
39.4784
39.4787
38.9449
38.9450
37.5191
37.5192
3 1
88.8264
88.8264
87.9866
87.9867
85.4898
85.4899
1 1
2.5
9.8696
9.8696
9.4841
9.4841
8.7042
8.7042
2 1
39.4784
39.4787
38.3629
38.3629
35.8798
35.8799
3 1
88.8264
88.8264
86.9684
86.9684
82.5093
82.5093
4 1
157.9136
157.9137
155.3211
155.3211
148.725
148.7256

Table 2Non-dimensional natural frequencies (ϖ=ωa2 ρch/Dc for SS-SS-SS-SS isotropic square plate

S-S-S-S
mn
Present
Ref [8]
Ref [9]
Ref [10]
1 1
19.7392
19.7392
19.739
19.739
1 2
49.3480
49.3490
49.348
49.348
2 1
49.3480
49.3490
49.348
49.348
2 2
78.9568
79.4007
78.957
78.957
1 3
98.6960
100.1729
99.304
100.17
3 1
98.6960
100.1868
99.304
3 2
128.3048
130.3895

4. Conclusions

Present work is used to understand the vibration analysis of isotropic plate was studied using classical plate theory under different levy type boundary conditions. This present study to solve the natural frequencies of plate by formulating the dynamic stiffness matrix together with CPT. Wittrick-William algorithm to take into account the nonlinear behaviour of the DSM element. Formulation is used to solve the dynamics stiffness matrix with applying boundary condition has been import in MATLAB and extract the nondimensional frequencies of plate beside a high degree of desired accuracy. Thus, the result has been investigated to the acceptable comparison of natural frequencies of isotropic plate.

References

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About this article

Received
19 November 2018
Accepted
26 November 2018
Published
13 December 2018
SUBJECTS
Modal analysis and applications
Keywords
dynamic stiffness matrix
isotropic plate
classical plate theory
Wittrick-Williams algorithm