Published: 13 December 2018

Analysis of free vibration of nano plate resting on Winkler foundation

Piyush Pratap Singh1
Mohammad Sikandar Azam2
Vinayak Ranjan3
1, 2Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
3Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Bennett University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
Corresponding Author:
Piyush Pratap Singh
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Abstract

Present paper deals with the vibration analysis of nano plate supported by Winkler foundation using Eringen’s elasticity theory with Classical Plate theory. Rayleigh-Ritz method has been employed in this study for finding frequencies of plate subjected to different edge conditions. The obtained results are first tested for convergence and then validated with the published literature. Further study is carried out to analyse the effect of various parameters on natural nondimensional frequencies of nano plate resting on Winkler foundation. The study reveals that the non-local effect has significant effect on vibration behaviour of nano plate resting on elastic foundation. Observations shows that on increasing the Winkler foundation modulus and aspect ratio the nondimensional frequency parameters increases.

1. Introduction

Nanoplates are the building blocks for various nanoscale objects which are called nanostructures. Recent, development of nanotechnology enables new generation devices with enhanced functionality hence playing vital roles in many engineering fields. These materials have superior properties as compared to conventional materials [1].

In recent time the nanomaterials have become the important components of different modern nanoelectromechanical systems [2]. It is thus necessary to analyse vibration behaviour in order to design nanostructures. Experimental analysis at nanoscale size is tough to carry out, hence efficient mathematical models for nanostructures analysis is needed. Vibration analysis of Nanostructures with traditional models shows that properties changes to an extent at nanoscale called size effect. When the system is reduced to nanoscale it can no longer be modelled as a continuum as systems become comparable to intermolecular spacing. If small-scale effects in Nano designing are ignored then this may lead to faulty Nano system design. Hence in order to achieve an accurate solution for correct and realistic design small scale effects must be taken into account. In order to overcome these shortcommings different continuum models as couple stress theory [3], modified couple stress theory [4], strain gradient theory [5] and nonlocal elasticity theory [6] were given. Among these thories, the nonlocal elasticity theory proposed by Eringen is mostly considered. Nonlocal Continuum mechanics theory put forward by Eringen [7] incorporates small length scale effect which plays a key role when Nano structures are taken into account. This theory is a widely used as results are found to be an accurate and quick analysis of Nano plates can be done. According to the nonlocal elasticity theory, the stress at a specific point not only depends on stress at that point but also the stresses of every points of that body. In the present work, governing equations of classical plate theory is based on nonlocal elasticity theory. Natrajan et al. [8] analysed the size effect on linear free vibration behaviour of nano plate using Erigen’s nonlocal elasticity theory. Murmu and Pradhan [9] analysed the scaling effect on vibration behaviour of nano plate using nonlocal continuum mechanics. Behra et al. [10] studied the vibration of the rectangular isotropic nano plate. Daneshmehr et al. [11] studied the vibration of functionally graded nano plate with the help of non-local theory. Hence it is can be seen that Erigen non-local theory is widely used to analyse the vibration behaviour of different nano plate structures.

Previous literature suggests that most of the studies focuses analysis of vibration behaviour of nano beams and nano plates of isotropic material plates without any interaction with foundation. Very less study is found to be conducted on analysis of plate on foundation. In number of applications Nano plates on elastic foundation, are used. Different elastic medium models for analysis of plate on elastic foundation were proposed by number of researchers. One of the reported models is Winkler model [12], which is derived from Winkler's hypotheses. This model considers vertical closely spaced linear springs as the elastic medium. This model is considered as building block and is easy to solve.

According to literature many authors have tried to solve the problem using a different method as Finite Element Method, Differential quadrature methods etc. It is to be noted that when the plate is rested on elastic foundation then these methods become very difficult to solve and accurate result cannot be obtained. It can be concluded that previous methods are not efficient for analysis of plate resting on Winkler foundation. In present article, authors have obtained the accurate solution of natural frequency with help of Kirchoff’s theory and Rayleigh Ritz method. Few studies have used this method for the analysis of large scale plate [13]. The extant literature review suggests that no study highlights in detail, the effect of various material and foundation parameters on Nano plates resting on elastic support subjected to different combinations of boundary conditions.

2. Mathematical modelling

Nano plate of dimension a×b as shown in Fig. 1, has been considered for analysis. The edges are taken along the x, y axes for the mathematical modelling of the Nano plate that rest on Winkler foundation. The z-axis is considered perpendicular to xy – plane.

Fig. 1Winkler foundation supporting nano plate

Winkler foundation supporting nano plate

According to classical plate theory, displacements of a point is expressed by equation:

1
u=ux,y,zνx,y,zwx,y,z,t=-zwx,yx-zwx,yywx,y,t,

where, u, v and w denote displacement in the x, y and z axes and w represents a deflection along the z-axis. Neglecting the transverse shear caused due to in-plane stretching and bending, the linear strain linked with the displacement field is:

2
σxxσyyτxy=Q11Q120Q21Q22000Q66εxxεyyγxy.

Strain energy of an elastic Nano plate is formulated as:

3
U=12ΩD112wx22+2wy22+2D122wx22wy2+4D332wxy2dxdy,
4
Ufoundation=12Ωkww2+μwx2+wy2dxdy.

The effective strain energy (Ueff=U+Ufoundation) of the nano plate, on Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundation, is:

5
Ueff=U+Ufoundation ,

where, μ=c0lint2 [6] is the nonlocal parameter, lint denotes internal characteristic length, c0 represents constant and kw shows stiffness of Winkler foundation. The kinetic energy of the nano plate on Winkler foundation in simplified form is given by:

6
T=12m0ω2Ωwwx2+μ2wx2+2wy2dxdydz,

where, m0 is ρh.

The harmonic type displacement components are assumed as:

7
wx,y,t=Wx,ycosωt,

where, wx,y,t, W(x,y) and ω are transverse deflection, maximum deflection and frequency of free vibration of the nano plate on elastic foundation.

Now, on equating the maximum strain energy Ueffmax and kinetic energy Tmax we will get Rayleigh quotient, given by the following equations:

8
ω2=UeffmaxΩW2+μ2w-x2+2w-y2dxdy.

The maximum deflection W(x,y) is the summation of the series of simple algebraic polynomials involving x and y, presented as:

9
Wx,y=i=0ncifix,y, i=1,2,,n,

where, ci are unknown constants and fi are function generated. The functions (fi) contain polynomials ϕ and simple polynomials gi(x,y) are represented as:

10
fix,y=ϕgix,y,

where exponents p, q, r and s stands for edge conditions of different edges.

Moreover, considering the partial derivative of ω2 w.r.t unknown constant and then equating it with zero, gives:

12
ω2ci=0, i=1,2,3,,n.

Further simplifying the Eq. (15), we get the following equation in term of Stiffness and inertia matrix:

13
ΔK+Kfoundation-λ2M=0,

where:

14
λ2=ρha2ω2D, D=Eh3121-υ2 .

λ is the nondimensionalised frequency parameter, and K, Kfoundation and M are stiffness and mass matrices respectively.

3. Results and discussions

3.1. Convergence and validation

The frequency parameter of nano plates is analysed in detail in this section. Convergence test is carried assure the accuracy of present result. Authors further compared the obtained results with the results available in the literature. For test of convergence and comparison, the nano plate is considered to be under SSSS edge condition without foundation.

3.1.1. Convergence

Convergence of frequency parameter of nano plate subjected to various boundary conditions is shown in Fig. 2 with respect to different number of the polynomials. The figure suggests that the frequency parameter converges with increase in the number of polynomials, to the exact frequency and becomes constant after certain no. of polynomial i.e. 40 in present case.

Fig. 2Convergence of fundamental frequency parameter of nano plate

Convergence of fundamental frequency parameter of nano plate

3.1.2. Comparison

The non-dimensional natural frequency is compared with Aghababei and Reddy as reported in Table 1. An excellent agreement between the results can be observed.

Table 1Comparison of frequency parameter (λm×n=ωm×nhρ/G) of SSSS (simply supported) square plate. (E= 30×106, ν= 0.3)

Frequencies
μ
Aghababei and Reddy [14]
Present
λ1×1
0
0.0963
0.09636
1
0.0880
0.0880
λ2×2
0
0.3853
0.3874
1
0.288
0.2884
λ3×3
0
0.8669
0.8608
1
0.5202
0.51671

3.2. Parametric study

Table 2 illustrates the variation of Frequency parameter of nano plate subjected to different boundary condition and resting on elastic foundation for different aspect ratio (a/b), nonlocal parameter (μ) and foundation parameters (kw). On analysis of the table it is observed that the nonlocal parameter plays the crucial role. With increase in nonlocal parameter (μ) the non-dimension frequency decreases irrespective of BCs. This is because plate becomes more flexible on introduction of small scale effect hence this effect should not be neglected.

Further it is seen from the Table 2 that for constant value of μ if aspect ratio is increased the frequency parameter increases considering specific values of foundation parameter for every BCs. This is because of the fact that, with increase in a/b the stiffness of the plate decreases which increases the non dimensional frequency.

It is evident from Table 2 that frequency parameter increases with increase in coefficient of stiffness of Winkler Foundation for specified μ and a/b. Although the frequency parameter increases but the increment is very small. It can be said that Winkler parameter has insignificant effect on frequency parameter irrespective of BC, μ and a/b.

Table 2Variation of frequency parameter of nano plate under different boundary condition with different aspect ratio (a/b), foundation parameter (kw) and nonlocal parameter (μ)

BC
kw
Nonlocal parameter (μ)
μ=1
μ= 2
Aspect ratio
0.5
1
1.5
2
0.5
1
1.5
2
SSSS
0
10.0984
14.7555
21.2350
28.6250
8.7550
12.2911
16.9907
22.1922
10
10.1073
14.7616
21.2393
28.6282
8.7653
12.2984
16.9960
22.1963
100
10.1870
14.8162
21.2773
28.6564
8.8570
12.3640
17.0435
22.2327
SCCF
0
14.1635
13.7892
15.4657
17.8578
11.1517
11.6753
12.7460
14.3190
10
14.1698
13.7951
15.4715
17.8629
11.1598
11.6830
12.7530
14.3253
100
14.2268
13.8540
15.5237
17.9080
11.2320
11.7520
12.8163
14.3816
SFSF
0
2.0521
3.0454
4.2989
5.2961
1.4647
2.8003
3.8153
4.5305
10
1.6108
3.0747
4.3198
5.3130
1.5248
2.8322
3.8388
4.5503
100
2.0521
3.3272
4.5030
5.4630
1.9853
3.1044
4.0438
4.7246

4. Conclusions

The authors used the classical plate theory along with Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory to analyse the frequency parameter of nano plate under different combination of boundary condition that rest on Winkler elastic foundation. Effect of the aspect ratio, stiffness of Winkler foundation and nonlocal parameter on the vibration behaviour of nano plate is studied. It can be concluded from the results that non-local parameter has an influence on vibration behaviour of small scale plate for all considered BCs hence it should always be considered for modelling small scale plate structure. Further study reveals that frequency parameters increases on increasing aspect ratio for every BCs. It is also concluded that the effect of stiffness of Winkler foundation on vibration behaviour of nano plate is insignificant.

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About this article

Received
19 November 2018
Accepted
26 November 2018
Published
13 December 2018
SUBJECTS
Modal analysis and applications
Keywords
nano plate
Rayleigh Ritz method
frequency parameter
nonlocal elasticity theory
Winkler foundation