Published: 30 June 2016

Sensitivity of dynamic response of a clamped functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic plate to its elastic parameters

G. Q. Xie1
J. P. Wang2
Q. L. Zhang3
1, 3Civil Engineering College, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, P. R. China
2Mianyang Vocational and Technical College, Mianyang, 411201, P. R. China
Corresponding Author:
G. Q. Xie
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Abstract

Sensitivity of dynamic response of a clamped functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic plate to its elastic parameters has been carried out by combining analytical method with finite element method. The functionally graded material parameters are assumed to obey a polynomial law in the thickness direction. A polynomial agreement with the clamped boundary condition is adopted in the plane of the plate and finite element method is used across the thickness of the plate such a way that the three-dimensional characteristics of the solution are preserved. The coupled electromagnetic dynamic characteristics of a functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic plate are determined by its dynamics differential equation modeled with displacement components, electric potential and magnetic potential as nodal degree of freedom. Sensitivity of dynamic response of a functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic plate to its elastic parameters has been studied. Dynamic response sensitivity analysis of a clamped functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic plate is useful for the optimization designs, nondestructive testing and inverse techniques of smart materials.

1. Introduction

More and more scholars invested research on the behaviors of magneto-electro-elastic structures employed as these smart or intelligent materials have the behavior of converting energy from one form to the other (among magnetic, electric and mechanical energy) (Nan, 1994; Harshe et al., 1993). For the purpose of design, optimization and inverse technique of these sensors, actuators, transducers and many other emerging components consists of magneto-electro-elastic materials, it is a strong significant for these smart or intelligent materials to study their dynamic characteristics by theories or techniques. Static and dynamic behavior of plates as well as infinite cylinder has been studied in the literature. Yu Pang et al. (2014) investigated dispersive behavior and band structure of SH waves in magnetic-electric (ME) periodically layered plate by the transfer matrix method. F. Moleiro et al. (2015) provides an assessment of layerwise mixed models using least-squares formulation for the coupled electromechanical static analysis of multilayered plates. G. Giannopoulos et al. (2007) solve the thermal, electrical, mechanical coupled mechanics problem for initial buckling analysis of smart plates and beams by discrete layer kinematics. M. Saadatfar and M. Aghaie-Khafri (2014) investigated static behavior of a functionally graded magneto- electro-elastic hollow sphere subjected to hydrothermal loading in the spherically symmetric state. The dynamic response of a rotating radically polarized functionally graded piezoelectric hollow cylinder is studied by A. H. Akbarzadeh and Z. T. Chen (2011). Jianke Du and Kai Xian et al. (2009) studied analytically SH surface acoustic wave propagation in a cylindrically layered piezomagnetic /piezoelectric structure. Buchanan (2004) used finite element method to study the behavior of layered versus multiphase magneto-electro-elastic infinite long plate composites. Wang et al. (2003) has carried out analysis of multilayered magneto-electro-elastic plates for mechanical and electrical loading by the state vector approach. Yansong Li and Jingjun Zhang (2014) investigated free vibration of a magneto-electro-elastic plate resting on a Pasternak foundation by Mindlin theory parameters. Rajesh K. Bhangale and N. Ganesan (2005) investigated free vibration of simply supported non-homogeneous functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic finite cylindrical shells. The studies on sensitivity of dynamic response of the functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic structure to its material parameters are less in the literature. In the present study, dynamic response sensitivity analysis of a clamped functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic plate to its elastic parameter is useful for the optimization designs and inverse techniques of smart materials.

2. Basic equations

The coupled constitutive equations for magneto-electro-elastic materials can be written as:

1
σ=Cε-e TE-q TH,D=eε+gE+α TH,B=qε+αE+μH,

where σ denotes stress vector, ε denotes strain vector, D and E are, respectively, the electric displacement and field vector, B and H are the magnetic flux and induction vector. C, g, μ are the elastic, dielastic permeability coefficients matrices. e, q and α are piezoelectric, piezomagnetic and magneto-electric induction coefficients matrices.

The strain-displacement relations are given by:

2
εxεyεzγzxγyzγxy=x00z0y0y00zx00zxy0Tuvw,

where u, v and w are, respectively, the displacements in the coordinate x, y and z directions.

The electric field is related to the electric potential as follows:

3
ExEyEzT=-xyzTφ.

The relations between magnetic field and magnetic potential are given by:

4
HxHyHzT=-xyzTψ.

3. Dynamics differential equation

The functionally graded material parameters are assumed to obey polynomial law in the thickness direction. The plate is divided into 3 nodal surfaces namely upper, middle and lower nodal surfaces in the thickness z direction. The mechanic model of the FGM magneto-electro-elastic plate is shown in Fig. 1.

For a clamped functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic plate, the generalized displacement functions of the plate are approximated as follows:

5
ux,y,z,t=Uz,tf1x,y=NdUTtxx2-a2y2-b22,vx,y,z,t=Vz,tf2x,y=NdVTtyx2-a22y2-b2,wx,y,z,t=Wz,tf3x,y=NdWTtx2-a22y2-b22,ϕx,y,z,t=Φz,tf3x,y=NdΦTtx2-a22y2-b22,ψx,y,z,t=Ψz,tf3x,y=NdΨTtx2-a22y2-b22,

where Ndz is the shape function vector across the thickness direction of the plate:

6
Ndz=N1,N2,N3,

where N1=1-3z-+2z-2,N2=4z--z-2,N3=2z-2-z-,z-=h-z/h,h is the thickness of the plate.

Fig. 1Mechanic model of FGM magneto-electro-elastic plate

Mechanic model of FGM magneto-electro-elastic plate
Mechanic model of FGM magneto-electro-elastic plate

In Eq. (5):

7
U=U1U2U3,V=V1V2V3,W=W1W2W3Φ=Φ1Φ2Φ3,Ψ=Ψ1Ψ2Ψ3,,

where subscript ‘1’ denotes upper nodal surface, ‘2’ middle nodal surface and ‘3’ lower nodal surface.

The functional for piezoelectric-piezomagnetic-elastic materials can be written by:

8
Π=12A0hεTσ-ETD-HTB+ρuTu¨dz-qwdxdy-ψTBz-ϕTDz,

where q is the distribution force applied on the top surface of the plate, u is the elastic displacement:

9
u=uvwT.

Dz and Bz are, respectively, the nodal electric displacement and magnetic flux vectors in the z direction, given as follows:

10
DzT=Dz1Dz2Dz3,BzT=Bz1Bz2Bz3.

Applying the variational principle δΠ=0 on Eq. (8), we obtained the coupled equations of the plate as follows:

11
MV¨+KV=T,

where:

12
V T=ΘT,ΦT,ΨT,
13
TT=FTDzTBzT,
14
M=Ms00000000,
15
K=KddKdφKdψKdφT-Kφφ-KφψKdψT-KφψT-Kψψ.

In Eq. (12):

16
ΘT=Θ1Θ2Θ3, Θi=UiViWi,ΦT=Φ1Φ2Φ3,ΨT=Ψ1Ψ2Ψ3,

In Eq. (13):

17
FT=00000000F, F=Aqx2-a22y2-b22dxdy.

In Eq. (14):

18
Ms=0hρΓTΓdxdydz.

In Eq. (15):

19
Kdd=-aa-bb0hB~dTCB~ddxdydz, Kdφ=-aa-bb0hB~dTeB~φdxdydz,Kdψ=-aa-bb0hB~dTqB~ψdxdydz, Kφφ=-aa-bb0hB~φTgB~φdxdydz,Kφψ=-aa-bb0hB~φTαB~ψdxdydz, Kψψ=-aa-bb0hB~ψTμB~ψdxdydz.

In Eq. (18):

20
ΓT=Γ1Γ2Γ3,
21
Γi=Nix(x2-a2)(y2-b2)2000Niy(x2-a2)2(y2-b2)000Ni(x2-a2)2(y2-b2)2.

In Eq. (19):

22
B~d=B1B2B3, B~φ=Bφ1Bφ2Bφ3, B~ψ=Bφ1 Bφ2 Bφ3,

where:

23
BiT=f1x,yxNi000f1x,yNizf1x,yyNi0f2x,yyNi0f2x,yNiz0f2x,yxNi00f3x,yNizf3x,yyNif3x,yxNi0,
24
Bφi=f3x,yxNif3x,yyNiNizf3x,yT.

If a harmonic mechanical excitation FT=00000000Asinωt is applied on the top surface of the plate with the electrically and magnetically open.

Eq. (11) can be rewritten as:

25
-ω2MV+KV=P,

where P=00000000A000000 0T.

If the piezoelectric parameter Cli,j is design variable, applying a partial differential on Eq. (25) with respect to Cli,j, we have:

26
-ω2MsΘCli,j+KddΘCli,j+KddCli,jΘ+KdφΦCli,j+KdψΨCli,j=0,KdφTΘCli,j-KφφΦCli,j-KφψΨCli,j=0,KdψTΘCli,j-KφψTΦCli,j-KψψΨCli,j=0.

4. Numerical example

The material parameters of the functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic plate are given in Appendix. Thickness of the plate is h= 0.05 m, semi-length of the plate a= 0.5 m.

In the present study, the following dimensionless parameters are employed:

x-=xh, z-=zh, u-=uu0, v-=vu0, w-=wu0, ω-=ωC66/ρ0,
u0=hq0C66, φ-=φφ0, φ0=eshq0gsC66, ψ-=ψψ0, ψ0=qshq0μsC66,

where C66= 109 Pa is the elastic constant, ρ0= 1 kg/m3 is the density constant of plate. es= 1 C/m2, gs= 10-10 As/Vm, qs= 1 Vs/m2, μs= 10-6 Vs/Am2, For the mechanical loads, q0= 1 N/m2, and for the electrode excitation, q0=esp0/h, p0 is a constant expressing the value of the electrostatic potential, and for the magnetic pole excitation, q0=esp0/h, p0 is a constant expressing the value of the static magnetic potential.

A normal dimensionless harmonic mechanical excitation F- T=0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1sinωt is applied on the top surface of plate.

We have studied the sensitivity of dynamic response of the FGM magneto-electro-elastic plate to its elastic parameters under the different frequency excitations

Notes: all the dynamic responses of the plate denote these of the middle surface of the plate. Fig. 2 illustrates that sensitivity of the dimensionless deflection responses of the plate to elastic parameter Cli,j under the different frequency excitations for λ=b/a=1. It can be found from Fig. 2 that the elastic parameters are most sensitive to the dimensionless deflection responses of the FG magneto-electro-elastic plate under the excitation of the dimensionless frequency 0.1357. From Fig. 2, it can be found that Cl4,4 and Cl5,5 have almost the same sensitivity, and they have the largest negative sensitivity of the dimensionless deflection response of the FG magneto-electro-elastic plate under the excitation of the dimensionless frequency 0.1357. Cl1,1 and Cl2,2 have nearly the same sensitivity. Cl1,3 and Cl2,3 have nearly the same sensitivity. Comparing the nine illustrations in Fig. 2, we found that Cl1,2 has the largest positive sensitivity of the dimensionless deflection response of the FG magneto-electro-elastic plate under the excitation of the dimensionless frequency 0.1357. The negative sensitivity means that the deflection response of the plate will decrease when elastic parameters increase, the positive sensitivity is the opposite effect. It can be found from Fig. 2 that sensitivities of the dimensionless deflection response to the elastic parameters have small peaks when the dimensionless excitation frequency is 0.497. From the Fig. 2, it can be found that sensitivity of the dimensionless deflection response with respect to the elastic parameter Cl6,6 is so small that can be neglected.

Fig. 2Sensitivity of the dimensionless deflection response of the plate to elastic parameter Cli,j under the different frequency excitations (λ=b/a=1)

Sensitivity of the dimensionless deflection response of the plate  to elastic parameter Cli,j under the different frequency excitations (λ=b/a=1)

Fig. 3 shows the sensitivity of the dimensionless electric potential response of the plate to elastic parameter Cli,j under the different frequency excitations for λ=b/a=1. From Fig. 3, it can be seen that the elastic parameter Cli,j is especially sensitive to the dimensionless electric potential response of the plate, when the dimensionless excitation frequencies are 0.1357 and 0.497. Cl4,4 and Cl5,5 have almost the same sensitivity of the dimensionless electric potential response. Cl1,1 and Cl2,2 have almost the same sensitivity of the dimensionless electric potential response. Cl1,3 and Cl2,3 have almost the same sensitivity of the dimensionless electric potential response. The sensitive curves of Cl1,3, Cl2,3 and Cl3,3 have the similar tendency. Among all the elastic parameters Cl4,4 and Cl5,5 have the maximum negative sensitivity of the dimensionless electric potential response of the plate when the dimensionless excitation frequency is 0.1357, and Cl1,2 has the maximum positive sensitivity of the dimensionless electric potential response of the plate when the dimensionless excitation frequency is 0.1357. Cl1,1 and Cl2,2 have the maximum positive sensitive value of the dimensionless electric potential response of the plate when the dimensionless excitation frequency is 0.497, and Cl1,2 has the maximum positive sensitive value of the dimensionless electric potential response of the plate when the dimensionless excitation frequency is 0.497. Cl4,4,Cl5,5 and Cl6,6 are insensitive to the electric potential response when the dimensionless excitation frequency is 0.497. From the Fig. 2, it can be found that sensitivity of the dimensionless electric potential response with respect to the elastic parameter Cl6,6 is so small that can be neglected.

Fig. 3Sensitivity of the dimensionless electric potential response of the plate to the elastic parameter Cli,j under the different frequency excitations (λ=b/a=1)

Sensitivity of the dimensionless electric potential response of the plate  to the elastic parameter Cli,j under the different frequency excitations (λ=b/a=1)

Fig. 4 shows that sensitivity of the dimensionless magnetic potential response of the plate to elastic parameter Cli,j under the different frequency excitation (λ=b/a=1). It can be seen from Fig. 4 that the sensitive curves of the dimensionless magnetic potential response have the same tendency as that of the dimensionless electric potential response. However, elastic parameters are more sensitive to the dimensionless magnetic potential response than to the dimensionless electric potential response.

5. Conclusions

The following conclusions can be obtained from the numerical example.

1) The elastic parameters Cli,j are especially sensitive to electric and magnetic potential responses of plate when the dimensionless excitation frequencies are 0.1357 and 0.497.

2) The elastic parameters Cli,j are more sensitive to the dimensionless deflect response of the excitation of the dimensionless frequency 0.1375 than that of the excitation of the dimensionless frequency 0.497.

3) Compared with other elastic parameters, Cl6,6 is insensitive to all the dynamic response of the plate.

Fig. 4Sensitivity of the dimensionless magnetic potential response of the plate to elastic parameter Cli,j under the different frequency excitation (λ=b/a=1)

Sensitivity of the dimensionless magnetic potential response of the plate  to elastic parameter Cli,j under the different frequency excitation (λ=b/a=1)

Analysis of the sensitivity for inverse techniques, optimization design and vibration control is a very meaningful. For the purpose of avoiding or reducing the ill-posed problems in inverse techniques, when the output such as the electric potentials and the magnetic potentials are measured by experiments, the excitation of a certain frequency which can obtain the most sensitivity must be acted on the plate. For the numerical example in the paper, we must apply the excitation with the dimensionless frequency 0.1357 on the plate, otherwise, Inverse technique can lead to serious ill-posed problems. Because Cl6,6 is insensitive to all the dynamic response of the plate, an inverse problem of Cl6,6 identification will be ill-posed.

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About this article

Received
18 June 2015
Accepted
19 January 2016
Published
30 June 2016
Keywords
dynamic response sensitivity
clamped FGM magneto-electro-elastic plate
elastic parameters
analytical method
finite element method
Acknowledgements

This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under the Grant No. 11372109.