Published: 02 December 2021

Research on dynamic characteristic of planetary gear system based on bond graph method

Xintao Zhou1
Xiayi Liu2
Longlong Li3
1School of Mechanical Engineering, Shaanxi Polytechnic Institute, Xianyang, China
2, 3School of Machinery and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, China
Corresponding Author:
Xintao Zhou
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Abstract

The dynamic characteristics of planetary system directly affect the stable state of the whole transmission system. Firstly, an accurate dynamic model of planetary gear system is established by using bond graph method. Formerly, the state equation of the gear train dynamics is obtained based on the bond graph model. On this basis, the simulation model of the gear system was acquired by using the numerical simulation method, and four dynamic indexes including zero-pole diagram, Bode diagram, Nyquist diagram and Nichols diagram of the gear dynamics system were gained. Finally, the analysis results show that the accurate mathematical model is described by the bond graph method and the dynamic characteristics is comprehended of planetary gear system, while will provide a basis for the stability research of the transmission system.

Research on dynamic characteristic of planetary gear system based on bond graph method

Highlights

  • The precise bond graph model of planetary gear train is established.
  • The dynamic characteristics of planetary gear train are mastered by numerical simulation.
  • Input from gear ring and sun, the dynamic characteristics of the system are different.

1. Introduction

The dynamic characteristics of planetary gear system will directly affect the healthy and stable running state of the whole transmission system [1]. Due to the existence of ulnar clearance, time-varying meshing stiffness and comprehensive transmission error in planetary gear system, the rules of dynamic characteristics of planetary gear system are extremely complex, which brings great challenges to the kinematics and dynamics design, as well as the reasonable design and accurate control of system stability [2, 3].

The dynamics of planetary gear transmission system, focusing on finding accurate and efficient analysis model, and exploring the dynamic response and excitation mechanism of the system [4, 5]. The dynamic characteristics and system stability play a very important role in advanced design and fatigue analysis. However, the traditional gear train modeling method starts from the perspective of simplification and equivalence, thus some important factors affecting the system are omitted [6]. As a result, the dynamic characteristics of the gear system are much different from the actual situation, and lost its guiding significance for practical application.

2. The bond graph model of planetary gear system

This paper takes NGW gear train as the research object. According to the bonding diagram modeling principle, the bond graph model of planetary gear system is obtained, as shown in Fig. 1.

3. Dynamics equation of state for gear system

State variables Y=p2,q6,p11,p17,p22,p26,q30,p35,p41,p46,p51,p56,p62. According to gear train bond graph model, the state equation used to describe the motion state of the epicyclic unit was be obtained. When p˙17=e17, p˙22=e22, p˙41=e41, p˙46=e46, p˙51=e51, p˙56=e56, as shown in Eq. (1-6):

1
p˙2=Se1-R7(m1)2I2p2-1m1C6q6+m2R7m1I11p11-R7m1Sf8,
2
q˙6=1m1I2p2-m2I11p11+Sf8,
3
p˙26=Se25-1m3C30q30-R31(m3)2I26p26-R31m3Sf32+m4R31m3I35p35,
4
q˙30=1m3I26p26-m4I35p35+Sf32,
5
p˙11=m2R7m1I2p2+m2C6q6-(m2)2R7I11p11+m5(m6)2R67I17p17+m5m6m8R67I22p22 -m5m6R67+m10m11R65+m14m15R66I35p35+m10(m11)2R65I41p41+m10m11m12R65I46p46 +m14(m15)2R66I51p51+m14m15m16R66I56p56+m2R7Sf8+m5p˙17+m10p˙41+m14p˙51,
6
p˙35=-m6R67I17p17-m8R67I22p22+m4R31m3I26p26+m4C30q30+m4R31Sf32-m11R65I41p41 -m12R65I46p46+R67-(m4)2R31+R65+R66I35p35-m15R66I51p51-m16R66I56p56,

where, mi is the conversion coefficient of the converter, i= 1, 2, …, 22; Se1 and Se25 are potential sources of input; Sf8 and Sf32 are steady-state transmission errors.

Fig. 1The bond graph model of planetary gear system

The bond graph model of planetary gear system

4. Numerical simulation and discussion

4.1. Simulation condition setting

The simulation model is shown in Fig. 2. MSe1 and MSe2 are as the input end, MSf8 and MSf32 are used to represent the derivatives of steady transmission errors, as show in Table 1.

Table 1Simulation parameter

Number of
teeth
Zs= 19, Zp= 31, Zr= 81
Radius of indexing circle
Rs= 0.0285 m, Rp= 0.0465 m,
Rr= 0.1215 m, Rh= 0.075 m
Moment of inertia
Is= 0.0015 Kg·m2,
Ip= 0.0094 Kg·m2,
Ir= 0.1510 Kg·m2,
Ih= 0.0491 Kg·m2
Meshing stiffness
Kg= 1.8e8 N/m
Torsional stiffness of shaft
Ks= 2.0e8 N/m
Moment of inertia of shaft
If= 0.0036 Kg·m2
Meshing damping
Cg= 2000 N·s·m-1
Support damping
Cv= 1800 N·s·m-1
Derivative of steady state transmission error
e˙(t)=0.0027×cos(28t+21pi)

Fig. 2Simulation model of planetary gear system

Simulation model of planetary gear system

4.2. Analysis of simulation results

4.2.1. Gear ring input

It was be comprehended from Fig. 3(a) that the open loop transfer function of the system is a non-minimum phase system. The Bode diagram shown in Fig. 3(b), the phase margin γωc=, and the amplitude margin Kg= 35.9 dB > 0 (7.09 rad /s). The Nyquist diagram shown in Fig. 3(c), the open-loop frequency characteristic curve of the system does not enclose the point (–1, j0). Nichols diagram shown in Fig. 3(d), the vertical axis is the logarithm of amplitude and the horizontal axis is the phase Angle, which reflects the changing relationship between amplitude and phase Angle. The closed-loop system of planetary gear train is unstable under such simulated conditions.

4.2.2. Sun gear input

Similarly, it is be concluded from Fig. 4 that the closed loop system of the planetary gear train is unstable.

Fig. 3The stability of planetary gear system

The stability of planetary gear system

a) Pole-Zero

The stability of planetary gear system

b) Bode

The stability of planetary gear system

c) Nyquist

The stability of planetary gear system

d) Nichols

Fig. 4The stability of planetary gear system

The stability of planetary gear system

a) Pole-Zero

The stability of planetary gear system

b) Bode

The stability of planetary gear system

c) Nyquist

The stability of planetary gear system

d) Nichols

5. Conclusions

The bond graph model of the planetary gear system was established, which solved the problem that traditional modeling method could not accurately reflect the dynamic characteristics of the gear system. Then, state space and state equation of gear train dynamics are derived on the basis of bond graph model. Zero-pole diagram, Bode diagram, Nyquist diagram and Nichols diagram, are calculated by using numerical simulation method, and the dynamic rule of the gear system is reflected.

References

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About this article

Received
07 October 2021
Accepted
27 October 2021
Published
02 December 2021
SUBJECTS
Mathematical models in engineering
Keywords
planetary gear system
bond graph method
dynamics equation of state
dynamic characteristics
Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department of China (No. 21JK0503) and Introduce High-level Talents to Start Scientific Research Funds by Shaanxi Polytechnic Institute of China (No. 2020-9), which were highly appreciated by the authors.