Published: 30 June 2022

Dual-phase-lag model on microelongated thermoelastic rotating medium

Mohamed I. A. Othman1
Sarhan Y. Atwa2
E. E. M. Eraki3
Mohamed F. Ismail4
1, 3Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44519, Zagazig, Egypt
2, 4Department of Engineering Mathematics and Physics, Higher Institute of Engineering, El Shorouk Academy, P.O. Box 11837, Cairo, Egypt
Corresponding Author:
Mohamed I. A. Othman
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Abstract

The dual-phase-lag (DPL) model is applied to study the influence of rotation on a two-dimensional micro-elongated thermoelastic medium problem. Mechanical force along with the layer of the elastic half-space interface and micro-elongated thermoelastic half-space is applied. The analytic expressions for displacement component, temperature distribution, micro-elongational scalar and stress components have been derived and represented graphically. The rotation has been studied in the presence DPL model and Lord-Shulman theory.

1. Introduction

A microelongated elastic solid possesses four degrees of freedom: three for translation and micro-elongation. In micro-elongation theory, the material particles can perform only volumetric micro-elongation in addition to classical deformation of the medium. The material points of such a medium can stretch and contract independently of their translations. Solid-liquid crystals, composite materials reinforced with chopped elastic fibres porous media with pores filled with non-viscous fluid or gas can be categorized as micro-elongated medium. The variation of periodical heat source response in a functionally graded micro-elongated medium was discussed by [1, 2]. The plane strain problem in a thermoelastic micro-elongated solid with an overlying infinite non-viscous fluid was discussed by [3]. More interesting problems have been studied about the thermoelastic micro-elongated solid in different cases [4-9].

In the generalized theories, the governing equations involve thermal relaxation times and they are of a hyperbolic type. The extended thermoelasticity theory by [10-14] which introduces one relaxation time in the thermoelastic process and the temperature-rate dependent theory of thermoelasticity by [15], which takes into account two relaxation times are two well-established generalized theories of thermoelasticity.

A new model called the dual-phase-lag model for the heat transport mechanism in which Fourier’s law is replaced by an approximation to the modification of Fourier’s law with two different time translations for the heat flux and the temperature gradient was investigated by [16-20]. The effect of thermal loading due to laser pulse in generalized thermoelastic medium with voids in the dual-phase-lag model was studied by [21]. A dynamic problem in thermoelastic solid using a dual-phase-lag model with an internal heat source was explained by [22]. The effect of rotation on micropolar generalized thermoelasticity with two-temperatures and the thermal laser pulse using a DPL model has been discussed by [23, 24].

In this paper, the effect of rotation on a two-dimensional micro-elongated thermoelastic medium problem has been discussed. The normal mode analysis is used to derive the expressions for the considered variables for a DPL model of thermoelasticity and the variances of the considered variables are represented graphically.

2. Formulation of the problem

The system of prevailing equations of a microelongated thermoelastic solid with rotation, in the DPL model, as [4, 7] (Fig. 1):

1
σij,j=ρ [ui,tt+{Ω×(Ω×u)}i+(2Ω×u,t)i],
2
a0 φ,ii+β1T-λ1φ-λ0uj,j=12ρj0 φ,tt,
3
k 1+τθtT,ii=1+τqtρ ceTt+β0Tuk,kt+β1T0φ,t,
4
σij=2 μ εij+(λ e-β0 T+λ0 φ) δij.

where the displacement vector u (x,z,t)=u (u1,0,u3), and the rotation Ω= (0,Ω,0) then the equations of motion are given by:

5
μ 2 u1+(λ+μ)e,x-β0 T,x+λ0φ,x=ρ (u1,tt-Ω2u1+2Ωu3,t),
6
μ 2 u3+(λ+μ)e,z-β0 T,z+λ0φ,z=ρ (u3,tt-Ω2u3+2Ωu1,t).

For simplification, we shall use the following non-dimensional variables:

7
x'i=w*c1 xi, z'=w*c1 z, u'i=w* ρ c1β0 T0 ui, uie'=w* ρ c1β0 T0 uie,
t'=w* t, τ'θ=w* τθ, τ'q=w* τq, σ'ij=σijβ0 T0, σije'=σijeβ0 T0,
φ'=λ0β0 T0φ, T'=TT0, Ω'=Ωw*, P'1=P1β0 T0, w*=ρ c12 cek, c12=λ+2 μρ.

Fig. 1Geometry of the problem

Geometry of the problem

The displacement potentials Φ(x,z,t) and Ψ(x,z,t) which relate to displacement components have been introduced, we obtain:

8
u1=Φ,x+ψ,z, u3=Φ,z-ψ,x.

From Eqs. (7) and (8) into Eqs. (2), (3), (5) and (6), we obtain:

9
(a1+a2) 2+Ω2-2t2Φ+2Ωψ,t-T+φ=0,
10
-2ΩΦ,t+a12+Ω2-2t2ψ=0,
11
-a52Φ+a3T+2-a4-a62t2φ=0,
12
-a81+τq t 2Φ,t+1+τθt2T-a71+τqtT,t-a9φ=0.

3. Normal mode analysis

The solution of the considered physical variable can be decomposed in terms of normal modes as the following form:

13
ui,φ,T,ψ,Φ,σij,uie,σije x,z,t= ui*,φ*,T*,ψ*, Φ*,σij*,uie*,σije* ze ω t+i b x ,

where, ω is a complex constant, i= -1, b is the wave number in the x direction.

Using Eq. (13) into Eqs. (9)-(12), then we have:

14
(a10D2+a11) Φ*+2Ωωψ*-T*+φ*=0,
15
-2ΩωΦ*+(a1D2+a12) ψ*=0,
16
(-a5D2+a13)Φ*+a3T*+(D2-a14)φ*=0,
17
(- a17D2+a18)Φ*+(a16D2-a19) T*-a9wφ*=0.

Eqs. (14-17) have a non-trivial solution if the determinant coefficients of the physical quantities equal to zero, then we get:

18
(D8-AD6+BD4-CD2+E) {Φ*(z) , ψ*(z) , T*(z) , φ*(z)}=0.

The coefficients ai, A, B, C, E and Hin are given in Appendix A1.

Eq. (18) can be factorized as:

19
(D2-k12)(D2-k22)(D2-k32)(D2-k42){Φ*(z) , ψ*(z), T*(z), φ*(z)}=0,

where, kn2, (n= 1, 2, 3, 4) are roots of the characteristic equation of Eq. (19).

The general solutions of Eq. (19) bound as (z) is given by:

20
(Φ*,ψ*,T*,φ*)(z)=n=14(1 , H1n , H2n , H3n) Mne-kn z.

Substituting from Eq. (20) into Eq. (8) we obtain the components of displacements:

21
u1*z=n=14ib-knH1nMne-kn z,
22
u3*(z)=n=14- (kn+ibH1n)Mne-kn z.

Substituting Eqs. (7) and (13) into (4) and by using of Eqs. (20)-(22) we get:

23
σxx*, σzz*, σxz*z=n=14 H4n , H5n , H6nMne-kn z.

The equations of motion and stress components in an elastic medium are given by [7]:

24
σij,je=ρe ui,tte,
25
σije=λeuk,keδij+μe (ui,je+uj,ie).

Substituting from Eqs. (7) and (13) into Eq. (24):

26
(l3D2-δ1)u1e*+i b l2D u3e*=0,
27
ibl2Du1e*+(l1D2-δ2) u3e*=0.

Eliminating u1e*, u3e* between Eqs. (26) and (27), we obtain:

28
(D4-GD2+N){u1e*(z) , u3e*(z)}=0.

Eq. (28) can be factorized as:

29
(D2-r12)(D2-r22){ u1e*(z) , u3e*(z)}=0,

where, rn2, (n=1, 2) are the roots of the characteristic equation of Eq. (29), the solutions of Eq. (29) are:

30
u1e* (z)=n=12 Rn e-rn z+n=12 Rn+2 ern z,
31
u3e* (z)=n=12 L1n Rn e-rn z+n=12 L1(n+2) Rn+2 ern z.

From Eqs. (7) and (13) into (25) and by using the Eqs. (30) and (31), we obtain the components of stresses in an elastic medium:

32
σxxe* (z)=n=12 L2n Rn e-rn z+n=12 L2(n+2) Rn+2 ern z,
33
σzze* (z)=n=12 L3n Rn e-rn z+n=12 L2(n+2) Rn+2 ern z,
34
σxze* z=n=12 L4n Rn e-rn z+n=12 L4n+2 Rn+2 ern z,

where, the coefficients li, δi, G, N and Lin are given in Appendix A2

4. The boundary conditions

The parameters Mn, (n= 1, 2, 3, 4) and Rn, (n= 1, 2, 3, 4) can be determined by using the boundary conditions at the surface are [3-7]:

35
σzz=σzze, σxz=σxze, u1=u1e, u3=u3e, φ=0, Tz=0, at z=0,
σzz=σzze-P1 e ω t+i b x , σxz=0, at z=- h,

where, P1 is the magnitude of the mechanical force.

The using of the expressions of the variables considered in the past boundary conditions Eq. (35), to get the equations that are satisfied with the parameters. And hence, eight equations will be gained. The inverse matrix method is applied to the eighth equation, to obtain the value of Mn (n= 1, 2, 3, 4) and Rn (n= 1, 2, 3, 4):

36
M1M2M3M4R1R2R3R4=H51H52H53H54-L31-L32-L33-L34H61H62H63H64-L41-L42-L43-L44ib-k1H11ib-k2H12ib-k3H13ib-k4H14-1-1-1-1-k1-ibH11-k2-ibH12-k3-ibH13-k4-ibH14-L11-L12-L13-L14H31H32H33H340000-k1H21-k2H22-k3H23-k4H240000H51ek1hH52ek2hH53ek3hH54ek4h-L31er1h-L32er2h-L33e-r1h-L34e-r2hH61ek1hH62ek2hH63ek3hH64ek4h0000-1000000-P10.

5. Numerical results and discussion

The analysis is conducted for aluminum epoxy-like material as [24]: λ= 7.59×1010 N/m2, μ=1.89××1010 N/m2, a0= 0.61×10-10 N, ρ= 2.19×103 kg/m3, β0=β1= 0,05×105 N/(m2.k), ce= 966 J/(kg.k), k= 252 J/(m.s.k), j0= 0.196×10-4 m2, λ0=λ1= 0.37×1010 N/m2, T0= 293 k, τθ= 0.02 s, τq= 0.5 s, ω=ω0+iζ, ω0= 3.56, ζ= – 4.81, b= 8, h= 1×10-6.

The physical constants for elastic medium (granite) as [5]: λe= 0.884×1010 N/m2, μe= 1.2667×1010 N/m2, ρe= 2.6×103 kg/m3, cee= 720.7 J/(kg.k), ke= 3.1 J/(m.s.k.)

In light of the results of this paper, the computations are conducted for the value of non-dimensional time t= 0.01, in the range of 0 z 0.4 on the surface x= 3.01. The numerical strategy stated herein is utilized for the distribution of horizontal displacement u1, the vertical displacement u3, the temperature T, the micro-elongational scalar φ, the stress components σxx, σzz and σxz with distance z. To study the influence of rotation on the solution in the DPL model and the L-S theory and the effect of phase-lag of heat flux and phase-lag of temperature gradient on the solution in the DPL model, this paper introduces the results of the numerical assessment in the form of graphs. The results are shown in Figs. 2-15 for the mechanical force with magnitude P1=1 for the DPL model and the L-S theory.

Fig. 2Distribution of the horizontal displacement u1 with the distance z

Distribution of the horizontal displacement u1 with the distance z

Fig. 3Distribution of the vertical displacement u3 with the distance z

Distribution of the vertical displacement u3 with the distance z

Fig. 4Distribution of the temperature T with distance z

Distribution of the temperature T with distance z

Fig. 5Distribution of the micro-elongational scalar φ with the distance z

Distribution of the micro-elongational scalar φ with the distance z

Fig. 6Distribution of the force stress component σxx with the distance z

Distribution of the force stress component σxx with the distance z

Fig. 7Distribution of the force stress component σzz with the distance z

Distribution of the force stress component σzz with the distance z

Fig. 8Distribution of the force stress component σxz with horizontal distance z

Distribution of the force stress component σxz with horizontal distance z

5.1. Influence of rotation

Figs. 2-8 show comparison between the displacement components u1, u3, the temperature T, the micro-elongational scalar φ and the force stresses components σxx, σzz, σxz for various values of Ω(Ω= 0.2, 0.5) for the DPL model and the L-S theory. Fig. 2 represents the distribution of the horizontal displacement u1with the distance z. It is observed that u1 increases with the increase of rotation for the two theories. In the (DPL) model and the L-S theory, the values of the horizontal displacement u1 for Ω= 0.2 are small as opposed to those for Ω= 0.5. Fig. 3 illustrates the variation of the vertical displacement u3 against the distance z, it is observed that the effect of rotation Ω is inversely proportional to the value of the vertical displacement u3 in the DPL model and the L-S theory i.e the rotation Ω has a decreasing effect. Fig. 4 describes the distribution of the temperature T with the distance z. In this figure, all curves start from a positive value and then converge to zero with large values of the distance z and fulfill the boundary condition. It is obvious that the values of the temperature T increases with increase of rotation for the two theories. Fig. 5 shows the variation of the micro-elongational scalar φ against the distance z, it is clear that the values of φ start from zero and decrease to a minimum then increase up to vanish. It is obvious that the values of φ increase with the decrease of rotation for two theories, and satisfies the boundary condition. Fig. 6 is plotted to describe the distribution of the stress components σxx with the distance z. In this figure, all curves begin from a positive value, then decrease to a minimum and increase up to vanishes at large values of z. The effect of rotation Ω is directly proportional to the value of the stress component σxx in both the DPL model and the L-S theory. Fig. 7 exhibits the variation of the stress component σzz against the distance z. In the DPL model, the effect of different values of rotation is hardly visible. It is shown that the influence of rotation is inversely proportional to the value of the stress component σzz in the L-S theory. Fig. 8 compares among the two different values of rotation for the DPL model and the L-S theory. It is obvious that the value of the stress component σxz increases as the rotation decreasing.

Fig. 9Distribution of the horizontal displacement u1 with the distance z

Distribution of the horizontal displacement u1 with the distance z

Fig. 10Distribution of the vertical displacement u3 with the distance z

Distribution of the vertical displacement u3 with the distance z

Fig. 11Distribution of the temperature T with distance z

Distribution of the temperature T with distance z

Fig. 12Distribution of the micro-elongational scalar φ with the distance z

Distribution of the micro-elongational scalar φ with the distance z

Fig. 13Distribution of the force stress component σxx with the distance z

Distribution of the force stress component σxx with the distance z

Fig. 14Distribution of the force stress component σzz with the distance z

Distribution of the force stress component σzz with the distance z

Fig. 15Distribution of the force stress component σxz with the distance z

Distribution of the force stress component σxz with the distance z

5.2. Influence of the phase-lag of the heat flux and the phase-lag of temperature gradient

Figs. 9-15 show comparison between the displacement components u1, u3, the temperature T, the micro-elongational scalar φ and the force stress components σxx, σzz, σxz, when it comes to thermoelasticity the DPL model for different values of the temperature gradient phase-lag τθ, such as τθ= 0.002, 0.47 at τq= 1, Ω=0.5 and for different values of the heat flux phase-lag τq= 0.0333, 0.99 at τθ= 0.02, Ω= 0.5. Fig. 9 depicts that the phase-lag of temperature gradient and the heat flux have an increasing effect on the magnitude of the horizontal displacement u1, whereas in fig. 15 they have a decreasing effect on the magnitude of the stress component σxz in the range 0.05z0.4. Figs. 10 and 13 show that the phase-lag of the heat flux has an increasing effect on the vertical displacement u3 over the range 0z0.11 and on the stress component σxx over the range 0z0.4, whereas, the phase-lag of the temperature gradient has a decreasing influence on both. Figs. 11 and 14 in that order, exhibit that the temperature T, and the stress component σzz are inversely proportional to the value of τq for z>0. Fig. 12, explains that the value of micro-elongational scalar φ increases with the increase of τq and τθ.

5.3. The 3D surface curves

Figs. 16-21 are representing the 3D surface curves for the physical quantities, i.e., the horizontal displacement component u3, the micro-elongational scalar φ and the stress components σxx, σxz, for the DPL model by keeping in mind the effect of rotation Ω= 0.5. The importance of these figures is that they have been utilized to study the dependence of previous physical quantities on both components of distance.

Fig. 163D curve distribution of the horizontal displacement u1versus distances at Ω=0.5τθ= 0.02, τq= 0.5

3D curve distribution of the horizontal displacement u1versus  distances at Ω=0.5τθ= 0.02, τq= 0.5

Fig. 173D curve distribution of the vertical displacement u3 versus distances at Ω= 0.5, τθ= 0.02, τq= 0.5

3D curve distribution of the vertical displacement u3 versus distances at Ω= 0.5, τθ= 0.02, τq= 0.5

Fig. 183D curve distribution of the micro-elongational scalar φ versus distances at Ω= 0.5, τθ= 0.02, τq = 0.5

3D curve distribution of the micro-elongational scalar φ  versus distances at Ω= 0.5, τθ= 0.02, τq = 0.5

Fig. 193D curve distribution of the force stress component σxx versus distances at Ω= 0.5, τθ= 0.02, τq= 0.5

3D curve distribution of the force stress component σxx  versus distances at Ω= 0.5, τθ= 0.02, τq= 0.5

Fig. 203D curve distribution of the force stress component σzz versus distances at Ω= 0.5, τθ= 0.02, τq= 0.5

3D curve distribution of the force stress component σzz  versus distances at Ω= 0.5, τθ= 0.02, τq= 0.5

Fig. 213D curve distribution of the force stress component σxz versus distances at Ω= 0.5, τθ= 0.02, τq= 0.5

3D curve distribution of the force stress component σxz  versus distances at Ω= 0.5, τθ= 0.02, τq= 0.5

6. Conclusions

According to the results of this work, one can see that the effect of rotation, the micro-elongational scalar and the applied boundary conditions play a major role in the study of thermoelastic medium deformation. The effect of rotation and the micro-elongational scalar has an obvious influence on all physical quantities. All the physical quantities, converge to zero very steeply with the distance z increases. A comparison between the DPL model and the L-S theory is conducted. An analytical solution depended on normal mode analysis of the problem on thermoelastic micro-elongated layer by encircling finite elastic under influence of the rotation has been developed and used it.

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About this article

Received
17 April 2022
Accepted
12 May 2022
Published
30 June 2022
Keywords
thermoelasticity
micro-elongation
rotation
normal mode
elastic solid