Achieving efficiency by ensuring vibration-free operation of a solar-powered asynchronous motor

2.1. Problem formulation

Today on the day phase as a turning element inductive throttle elemental , capacitor battery through , half with conductor elements and other one how many methods there is to be asynchronous in the engine pure turnover magnet field harvest to do through of the device high fruitful work modes with provide as far as possible has we will be this in process condenser from batteries use other to methods than effective and pure turnover magnet field with provide opportunity give research work within A synchronous motor with a power of $P=$250 W, supplied with electricity generated by solar panels , supplied with a single-phase electrical energy source generated by solar panels, is used to evaluate the amount of symmetrical and non-sinusoidal indicators constituting reactive power in motors [6]. Solar power plants are convenient to calculate as a source of electricity different from the main grid [7].

The operation of a three-wire asynchronous motor using a single-phase electrical network presents significant technical challenges, particularly in systems powered by solar panels. One of the primary issues is the imbalance created by the absence of a true three-phase power supply, leading to inefficient motor performance, excessive reactive power generation, and reduced power factor [8]. In conventional three-phase systems, reactive power is naturally managed through the balanced distribution of electrical phases. However, when such a motor is connected to a single-phase network, additional components – such as phase-shifting capacitors or electronic phase converters – are required to create an artificial three-phase supply. While these solutions enable motor operation, they also contribute to increased reactive power waste, leading to:

– Lower system efficiency – excessive reactive power results in higher current draw, increasing losses in the electrical system and reducing overall energy efficiency [9].

– Voltage instability – poor reactive power management can cause voltage fluctuations, affecting both motor performance and other connected loads.

– Overloading of electrical components – additional current demand due to low power factor can overload transformers, inverters, and other power electronics, shortening their lifespan [10].

– Suboptimal utilization of solar power – solar energy systems operate most efficiently when loads are properly matched. Excessive reactive power consumption reduces the effective utilization of solar-generated electricity, limiting overall system performance.

Given these challenges, there is a critical need for an effective control and management strategy to minimize reactive power waste while ensuring stable and efficient motor operation. This study aims to analyze the underlying causes of reactive power waste, evaluate existing compensation methods, and propose an optimized approach for integrating three-wire asynchronous motors with single-phase solar-powered networks [11]. The goal is to enhance energy efficiency, reduce losses, and improve the reliability of such systems in practical applications.

2.2. Solution of the problem

To effectively manage and control reactive power waste in a system where a three-wire asynchronous motor is powered by a single-phase solar-based electrical network, several technical solutions must be considered. The primary objective is to improve power factor, reduce energy losses, and ensure stable motor performance. The proposed solutions focus on phase balancing, reactive power compensation, and optimized solar power integration [12].

Implementation of a Phase Converter. A static or rotary phase converter can be used to generate an artificial third phase, enabling the asynchronous motor to operate more efficiently. This method helps in reducing voltage imbalance and improving the overall power factor of the system. However, the design and selection of the phase converter must be optimized to minimize additional power losses.

Use of Power Factor Correction (PFC) Capacitors. The installation of power factor correction capacitors helps in compensating for reactive power demand. Properly sized capacitors can reduce the reactive power component of the current, leading to: Improved voltage stability, reduction in unnecessary power losses, Lower current draw from the single-phase source

Application of a Variable Frequency Drive (VFD). A VFD with single-phase input and three-phase output can provide a more efficient and dynamic solution for operating the asynchronous motor. The VFD converts the single-phase input into a controlled three-phase output, improving motor efficiency and reducing reactive power waste. Additionally, VFDs offer speed control, which can further enhance energy savings.

Optimization of Solar Power Utilization with Smart Inverters. Using smart inverters that support reactive power compensation can help optimize the interaction between the solar power system and the motor. These inverters can dynamically adjust their output to support voltage regulation and power factor correction, ensuring more efficient utilization of solar-generated electricity [13].

Hybrid Energy Storage and Load Management. Integrating energy storage systems (ESS), such as batteries, can help balance power supply fluctuations. A well-designed control strategy can ensure that peak demand periods are managed efficiently, reducing the strain on the single-phase network and minimizing reactive power waste.

The study was conducted on the basis of an asynchronous motor of type $U_n$4AA63A4Y3 [14]. The passport data of the asynchronous motor are as follows: $U=$220 V, $f=$50 Hz, $n=$1356, $r_1^I=$ 0.19 om, $r_2^I=$0.13 om, $X_1^I=$ 0.15 om, $X_2^{II}=$ 0.075 om, $\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{s}\phi =$ 65 %. Asynchronous motor stator main Number of rolls $W=$140.

The research scheme of an electromagnetic converter for monitoring and controlling the reactive power consumed by a three-phase asynchronous motor supplied from a single-phase electrical power source generated by solar panels is presented in the diagram in Fig. 1 [12].

Fig. 1Star and delta connection diagram of the electromagnetic current transformer outputs. W1.1, W1.2, W2.1, W2.2, W3.1, W3.3 – location of the rings of the phase-to-phase measuring sensitive element in the air gap between the stator slots and the insulating wedge, AY/∆, BY/∆, CY/∆ – output terminals of the measuring sensitive element loops connected in a star-delta connection, N – neutral wire output voltage

4.1. Experimental images and schemes

Thus, the phase shifter, inductive coil, and working capacitor battery provided in the scheme made it possible to increase the power balance of an asynchronous motor connected to a single-phase solar power grid by 75 %-80 %. The electromagnetic current transformer placed in the air gap between the stator slots of the asynchronous motor and the insulation wedge is able to accurately represent the high harmonic currents that constitute the reactive power indicators in electrical networks up to 49 harmonics. The current transformer, which is widespread in industrial production enterprises, has a low accuracy due to the saturation of the magnetic core after the 19th harmonic.

Fig. 2One phased sun energy from the source provided asynchronous motor reactive power control and management scheme, a three-phase asynchronous motor electromagnetic converter structure research scheme, M – asynchronous motor, C1,2– capacitor bank, L – phase-shifting inductive element, W – wattmeter, KM – magnetic starter, K1, K2,K3– switch, A1, A2– ammeter, BB – control unit, Uout– converter output voltages MK – microcontroller. The photograph was taken by S. Azamov on 18 October 2024 at the rooftop solar power station of Andijan State Technical Institute

In converting the electrical energy generated by solar panels into alternating current, the inverter device plays a crucial role in ensuring high-quality and uninterrupted power that meets all electrical energy standards. In addition, it is also important to analyze the dynamic modes of oscillations of this system [15]. The experimental study of the electromagnetic current converter device powered by an asynchronous motor supplied through a solar inverter – which, in turn, is connected to a single-phase electrical energy source generated by solar panels – is presented based on the schematic diagram shown in Fig. 3.

The proposed reactive power control and management system significantly improved the performance of an asynchronous motor powered by a single-phase solar energy network. The integration of a phase shifter, inductive coil, and capacitor bank enabled a 75 %-80 % increase in power balance, ensuring more stable and efficient motor operation.

1. Improvement in Power Balance and Efficiency. By incorporating a well-calibrated phase-shifting inductive element (L) and a capacitor bank (C1, C2), the system effectively compensated for reactive power, leading to a more balanced power supply. The experimental results demonstrated a substantial reduction in voltage fluctuations, enhancing the overall stability of the motor drive system.

2. High Harmonic Current Analysis and Compensation. The use of an electromagnetic current transformer positioned in the air gap between the stator slots and insulation wedge allowed for accurate measurement of high-order harmonic currents. The system successfully detected and analyzed harmonics up to the 49th order, providing a detailed insight into the reactive power characteristics in the electrical network. However, traditional current transformers, commonly used in industrial applications, exhibited saturation effects beyond the 19th harmonic, limiting their accuracy in high-frequency harmonic compensation.

Fig. 3Research experiment process of an asynchronous motor electromagnetic converter powered by a single-phase power grid powered by solar panels. The photograph was taken by S. Azamov on 18 October 2024 in the Electrical Engineering Department Laboratory of Andijan State Technical Institute

4.2. Experimental results and analysis

The proposed control scheme was tested using an experimental setup, as illustrated in Fig. 2.

Table 1Asynchronous motor electromagnetic vine changer device exit of size dynamic descriptions

An asynchronous motor is connected to the network through a phase- shifting capacitor bank	An asynchronous motor connected to the network through a phase- shifting inductive coil and a working capacitor bank	Asynchronous motor starting and connected to a single-phase solar grid through a working capacitor bank	The induction motor is connected to the network through a phase-shifting inductive coil and a working capacitor bank.
Asynchronous motor in no-load operation mode ${\delta }_{∆}=$ 6.01, $\gamma =$20°	Asynchronous motor in no-load operation mode ${\delta }_{∆}=$ 5.8, $\gamma =$10°	Asynchronous motor in no-load operation mode ${\delta }_{∆}=$ 5.6, $\gamma =$40°	Asynchronous motor in no-load operation mode ${\delta }_{∆}=$ 5.3, $\gamma =$30°
Asynchronous motor in no-load operation mode $TH{D}_{∆}=$ 7.3	Asynchronous motor in no-load operation mode $TH{D}_{∆}=$ 6.8	Asynchronous motor in no-load operation mode $TH{D}_{∆}=$ 6.1	Asynchronous motor in no-load operation mode $TH{D}_{∆}=$ 4.9
$U_{chiq.1}^{∆}=$ 3.31 $U_{chiq.2}^{∆}=$ 3.17 $U_{chiq.3}^{∆}=$ 4.02	$U_{chiq.1}^{∆}=$ 3.19 $U_{chiq.2}^{∆}=$ 3.06 $U_{chiq.3}^{∆}=$ 4.15	$U_{chiq.1}^{∆}=$ 3.89 $U_{chiq.2}^{∆}=$ 3.75 $U_{chiq.3}^{∆}=$ 4.21	$U_{chiq.1}^{∆}=$ 3.27 $U_{chiq.2}^{∆}=$ 3.19 $U_{chiq.3}^{∆}=$ 3.95
$I=$0.95 $I_{C1}=$1.09	$I=$0.82 $I_{C1}=$1.17 $I_L=$0.32	$I=$1.39 $I_{C1}=$0.63 $I_{C2}=$0.45	$I=$1.25 $I_{C1}=$0.63 $I_{C2}=$0.48 $I_L=$0.22

Key observations from the results include:

– Reduction in Reactive Power Losses: The wattmeter (W) readings confirmed that the implemented compensation scheme significantly minimized excess reactive power.

– Improved Motor Performance: The asynchronous motor (M) operated with increased efficiency, exhibiting smoother operation and reduced overheating.

– Stable Converter Output Voltages ($U_{out}$): The controlled switching mechanism ensured stable voltage outputs, preventing power instability.

In the control and management of the reactive power consumption of the asynchronous motor, it can be concluded that the output voltage is 10 times higher when connected in a star-delta connection than in a star-delta connection $\sqrt{3}$.